Eduardo Moreno

Mammary analog secretory carcinoma of the parotid gland: A case report and literature review.

Highlights • Mammary analog secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a newly described carcinoma of the salivary glands.• MASC is characterized by morphologic and immunohistochemical features that strongly resemble a secretory carcinoma (SC) of the breast.• MASC and SC of the breast share the presence of translocation t(12;15) (p13;q25), that results in the formation of an oncogenic fusion gene ETV6-NTK3.• The majority of MASC present among men and arise from the parotid gland.• MASC is a low-grade carcinoma with potential for high-grade transformation.

Experimental estimation of acoustic attenuation and dispersion

In the research of methods for evaluation and characterization of therapy ultrasound transducers that will be used in the hyperthermia applications, the measurement of some acoustic parameters is especially important. We have used a modified broadband through-transmission technique proposed by Ping He (1999) for measuring acoustic dispersion and attenuation because it requires a minimum number of variables to be measured and eliminates the needs for measuring the speed of sound in the water and the trigger delays in data sampling. In addition it minimizes the uncertainty in determining the phase spectra. Unfortunately we have found some inconvenient aspects of this technique in our application.

Methodology to obtain and record evoked pupillary responses by auditive stimulation

This paper shows an instrumental methodology to obtain pupiliary responses provocated by auditive stimulation, modulating defensive reflex in darkness and lightness conditions. This records let us show the interconnection between auditive stimulation and nervous activation, that is important in psychophysiology area, for the autonomy nervous system evaluation as well as vision and hearing senses. These responses are acquired by high intensity white noise hearing stimulation and the pupillary diameter register is based on video oculography infrared camera technique

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in the Setting of Conjunctival Melanoma: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review

Objective: To report two cases of conjunctival melanoma (CM) that underwent sentinel lymph mapping (SLNM) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with good results. Introduction: Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a very rare malignancy, with an incidence of less than one per million cases per year. Metastatic dissemination may occur via lymphatic or hematogenous routes. The regional lymph nodes most commonly involved in the head and neck region are found in the deep cervical node chain and in the parotid gland. The management of the lymph nodes in patients with CM is debatable with some authors recommending SLNM with SLNB. The indications for performing SLNM and SLNB are CM with a thickness of 1 mm or greater. Case report: Two patients diagnosed with CM underwent SLNM and SLNB with complete surgical resection of the conjunctival lesions and superficial parotidectomy as part of the SLNB. Final pathology reported confirmed a complete resection of the lesions and a negative SLNB. The procedure was performed without any postoperative complications. Both patients on follow-up are free of disease without evidence of local or regional recurrence. Conclusion: Evidence of the accuracy SLNM and SLNB in CM in the literature is sparse. We report on two cases where the identification of the SLN was accurate with no postoperative complications. We believe based the available evidence that SLNM and SNLB is feasible, accurate, with a low complication rate in patient with CM. Introduction Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is a rare malignancy with an incidence of 0.15 to 0.49 cases per million persons per year [1,2]. It is a very aggressive non-cutaneous neoplasm that represents only 5% of ocular melanomas with a 10-year mortality rate of 30% [3,4]. It is identified more frequently in the elderly population (53% of the cases), and in Caucasians (94% of the cases) [5]. The main clinical manifestations are a pigmented lesion, lump, or swelling in the conjunctiva in 83% of the cases. In approximately 61% of the cases the lesion is usually located at the limbal conjunctiva and in 46% of the cases in the temporal quadrant of the eye [5]. Metastases can be detected with positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT). However, micro-metastasis through the lymphatic system can only be detected with sentinel lymph node mapping (SLNM) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) [6]. The aim of this study is to present two cases of CM were SLNM and SLNB was performed as part of their management with adequate identification of the SLN with no added morbidity. Case 1 A 72-year old male, with a history of chronic irritation of the left eye for more than two months, was evaluated by an ophthalmologist who diagnosed a CM and send him to our clinic. We identified two pigmented lesions, one of approximately 1 cm in size and another of approximately 2 cm in size. Both lesions had irregular borders, one was in the temporal region, and the other on the nasal region of the eye (Figure 1). He was initially treated with Mitomycin C for 16 days without any objective response. After a multidisciplinary review of the case, it Correspondence to: Rodrigo Arrangoiz, Sociedad Quirúrgica S.C. at the American British Cowdray Medical Center. Department of Surgical Oncology and Head and Neck Tumors. Av. Carlos Graef Fernandez # 154 – 515 Colonia Tlaxala, Delegación Cuajimalpa Mexico City, Mexico 05300, Tel: 52551664 7200; E-mail: rodrigo.arrangoiz@yahoo.com

Pulmonary extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: A case report and literature review

Highlights • Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare tumor characterized by the multinodular growth of primitive chondroid cells in an abundant myxoid matrix.• EMC is categorized as a tumor of uncertain differentiation by the 2002 WHO classification.• EMC has shown to have the recurrent balanced chromosomal translocation t(9;22) (q22;q12.2), which leads to the oncogenic fusion gene EWSR1-NR4A3.• EMC usually presents in male patients beyond their fifth decade as a slow growing, palpable mass in the extremities.• Pulmonary extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas are extremely rare with only isolated case reports found in the literature.

Trans umbilical laparoscopic access during laparoscopic procedures

Introduction: The advent of laparoscopic surgery is one of the most important advances in modern surgical technique. In order to perform laparoscopic procedures it is necessary to first access the peritoneal cavity and establish a pneumoperitoneum. The placement of the first port remains a critical step in laparoscopic surgery. In order to minimize complications associated with placement of this first trocar, several techniques have been reported. We describe a surgical technique that has been developed by our surgical group that provides a quick, safe, and reliable initial access to the peritoneal cavity that is accompanied by excellent functional and cosmetic results. Methods: Retrospective cohort of patients who underwent various laparoscopic procedures by our surgical group using our modified open technique for accessing the peritoneum from January 2000 to September 2012. We excluded patients who had a prior midline laparotomy with involvement of the umbilicus, but not those with previous transverse umbilical herniorrhaphies. Results: We identified 963 patients (M = 419; F = 544) in the study period. Average age of the patients was 40 years (range: 15-83). Median follow up of 2.8 years (range: 6-144 months). No complications occurred during the insertion of the first trocar. A physiologic defect was identified in the umbilical region in all patients who had no history of previous abdominal surgery in that region. Postoperative complications occurred in 39 patients (4.0%). The most common complication was a postoperative seroma, which occurred in 24 patients (2.4%). Superficial surgical site infection occurred in eight patients (0.84%), hematoma in two patients (0.21%), and incisional hernias in the umbilical port site in five patients (0.51%). The average time to access the peritoneal cavity was 1.5 minutes (range: 1-7). Conclusions: We describe a modified open technique for accessing the peritoneal cavity through a small congenital umbilical defect that is almost universally present. This technique is quick, safe, reliable, simple, and easy to learn. It is associated with minimal morbidity and has excellent cosmetic results. Based on our experience, we believe that this method provides surgeons with an effective and safe way to insert the first trocar and we recommend it as a routine procedure to access the peritoneal cavity for abdominal laparoscopic surgery.

Experimental Estimation of Acoustic Dispersion from a phantom with a single glass bead

This paper is aiming at researching new methods for evaluation and characterization of human tissue behavior when it undergoes hyperthermia treatment. A tissue mimicking material (phantom) is modeled as a gel with ultrasound scatterings (glass bead). We have used a modified broadband pulse-echo technique proposed by Ping He for measuring acoustic dispersion since this technique requires only a minimum number of variables to be measured and eliminates the necessity of measuring the speed of sound in water and trigger delays in data sampling. In addition, it minimizes the uncertainty in determining the phase spectra. The objective of this paper is to detect testing beads or other targets from the background material

A microprocessor-based system for pulse-echo overlap measurement of ultrasonic velocity

The electronic design of a system for measurement the ultrasonic flight time in no dispersive solid samples; using pulse-echo overlap method, is presented. The system is based on a microprocessor 87C51; which allows to reduce the quantity of electronic components, as well as to achieve a simpler and more reliable design. The results obtained are presented during part of the validation process of the system.

Feasibility study of using ultrasonic transducer border waves for centering hydrophones in ultrasonic field characterization: a theoretical and experimental approach

During ultrasound field characterization, it is necessary to center a hydrophone. This paper presents a new proposal to center it by using transducer border waves. First, changes in border wave amplitude had been computed by using the impulse response method and considering the transducer as a rigid planar baffle. Then, changes in border wave amplitude have been measured experimentally. Agreement between experimental and calculated results demonstrates that changes in border wave amplitude can be used to center the hydrophone. It has been observed that border wave amplitude reaches its maximum when the hydrophone is centered, and that these amplitude changes are very sensitive to position.