Eduardo Pompeu

Age-related changes in urinary bladder intramural neurons

A quantitative morphometric evaluation of the intramural plexus of the urinary bladder of adult and aged guinea‐pigs was performed by histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and hystochemical methods, such as NADH‐diaphorase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The round or oval shaped intramural neurons were revealed among the bundles of the smooth detrusor muscle in clusters containing a variable number of cells in the groups. In both adult control and aged animals, the ganglia were enveloped by a ganglionar capsule of connective tissue mainly composed of type I collagen fibers. The number of neurons NADH‐diaphorase positives estimated in the intramural plexus was 1433 ± 187.71 and 1107 ± 120.67 in the adult control and aged groups, respectively. The perikaryon areas of the NADH‐diaphorase neurons reactives ranged from 216.40 to 1809.30 μm2 in adult control group and from 198.20 to 2096.25 μm2 in aged group. The nuclear area showed an increase in aged animals. The number of AChE‐positive neurons estimated in the intramural plexus was 3294.67 ± 415 μm2 in the adult control group and 1960.33 ± 526 μm2 in the aged group, showing a significant decrease in the latter group. This age‐related morphological change in intramural neurons may contribute to changes in urinary bladder activities in the elderly.

Experimental multivisceral xenotransplantation.

Abstract:  Background:  Organ shortage impairs the proposition of multivisceral transplantation to treat multiple organ failure. Interspecies (xeno) transplantation is a valid solution for organ shortage; however, suitable models of this advance are lacking. We describe an effective model of multivisceral xenotransplantation to study hyperacute rejection.

Radiographic aspects and angioarchitectural arrangements in corrosion casts of the blood supply to the human sternocleidomastoid muscle by the sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital artery

The contribution of the sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital artery (superior arterial pedicle-SAP) to the irrigation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) was evaluated in fresh human cadavers by injecting radiological dye and a resin for microvasculature corrosion casts. From its insertion in the mastoid process of the temporal bone, the SCM was divided into superior, medium, and inferior thirds. In most of the SCM, The SAP are formed by two longitudinal parallel branches. In all specimens, the radiological dye injected into the SAP reached or trespassed the middle part of the studied SCM. The SAP was poorly distributed in the lowermost region of the inferior third of the SCM, suggesting the contribution of other arteries or pedicles. The corrosion casts of the microvasculature showed a profuse network of microscopic vessels in those levels where the SAP was detected.

Blood supply to the human sternocleidomastoid muscle by the sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital artery

The contribution of the sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital artery, superior arterial pedicle (SAP), to the irrigation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) was evaluated in fresh human cadavers by injecting Neoprene‐latex for minute dissection. From its insertion in the mastoid process of the temporal bone, the SCM was divided into six levels. The Neoprene‐latex injected into the SAP reached the upper three levels in all SCMs studied, which corresponds to the middle part of the studied SCM. In 43.3% of the SCM, this branch reached level four and in 36.6%, it reached level five. Clin. Anat. 12:412–416, 1999.

Immunoglobulin G profile in hyperacute rejection after multivisceral xenotransplantation.

Galvao FHF, Soler W, Pompeu E, Waisberg DR, Mello ES, Costa ACL, Teodoro W, Velosa AP, Capelozzi VL, Antonangelo L, Catanozi S, Martins A, Malbouisson LMS, Cruz RJ, Figueira ER, Filho JAR, Chaib E, D′Albuquerque LAC. Immunoglobulin G profile in hyperacute rejection after multivisceral xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2012; 19: 298–304.

Endoscopic features in a model of multivisceral xenotransplantation

Galvão FHF, Farias AQ, Pompeu E, Waisberg DR, Teixeira ARF, de Mello ES, Lino Costa AC, de Castro Galvão R, Santos VR, Chaib E, Carrilho FJ, D’Albuquerque LAC. Endoscopic features in a model of multivisceral xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2010; 17: 423–428.

Orthotopic small intestine transplantation in dogs with systemic graft drainage

BACKGROUND Small intestine transplantation has been accepted worldwide to treat complex cases of intestinal failure. Canine intestinal transplantation model is important in training the surgical technique and to study the complications of this procedure. Systemic graft venous drainage is frequently performed in clinic, although the consequences of this partial meso-caval shunt have not been studied in detail. AIM To describe the surgical technique and clinical outcome of a canine intestinal transplantation model using mesenteric-caval graft drainage. METHOD Adult mongrel dogs from University of São Paulo Animal Facility, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, were used as donors and recipients in ten consecutives orthotopic intestinal transplantation with mesenteric-caval venous drainage. Clinical examination and body weight measurement were performed daily in all animals. Necropsy was performed in animals presenting moribund state (lethargic posture, diarrhea and loss of over 35% of body weight) to determine cause of death and histological changes. RESULTS Three recipients died before day 2 from technical complications and were excluded from the experiment. The remaining seven animals developed signs of graft rejection with onset on days 3-4 and died or were sacrificed presenting severe graft rejection between days 7-9. Necropsy and histology of the graft confirmed the diagnosis of severe acute cellular rejection. CONCLUSION Small intestine transplantation with systemic drainage in dogs courses with analogous and lethal outcome between postoperative day 7 to 9 due to strong graft rejection. This model serves as an excellent pre-clinical model to study the main complications related to this transplantation.

Preliminary findings from a new animal model for Peyronie’s disease involving extracorporeal shock waves

To develop an experimental model in rabbits to analyse the efficiency of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for Peyronie’s disease.

Multivisceral Xenotransplantation: The Effect of Different Dpecies Combination

Multivisceral transplantation is currently an acceptable therapy; however, organ shortage is a major impairment for this practice. Xenotransplantation is promising for organ shortage; but it causes hyperacute rejection (HR) that destroy the graft in few hours and still demand advances to be properly treated. In this report, we compare the HR in three species combinations of multivisceral xenotransplantation. Method Multivisceral grafts (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, pancreas, spleen and kidneys) were recovery and implanted heterotopically in dog-to-pig (n = 5); pig-to-dog (n = 5); rabbit-to-pig (n = 15) combinations. Multivisceral allotransplantation [pig-to-pig (n=5), dog-to-dog (n=4) and rabbit-to-rabbit (n=5)] composed the control group. Three hours after reperfusion, we collected samples from the graft for histopathology. Results HR was visually noted in xenografts around 15 minutes after reperfusion. The autopsy revealed predominance of mild and moderate HR in esophagus and liver in all combination and stomach in pig-to-dog and dog-to-pig combination and severe HR was predominant in stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, spleen and kidneys. The occurrence of HR was absent in allografts. IgG fixation was strong in xenografts and absent in allografts. Conclusion The three different models of this experiment are relevant to study HR and achieved similar evolution. HR was less aggressive in esophagus, stomach and liver, while it was severe in small intestine, colon, pancreas, spleen and kidneys. allografts reveled normal appearance or mild reperfusion injury in all organs. Figure. No caption available. Figure. No caption available. Figure. No caption available.

14 Years of History on Sustainability: Waste Management FMUSP/IMT/SVOC

High regulation in environmental protection and sustainability was established in Brazil around 2003. From that time, the board of directors of the Faculty of Medicine, Tropical Medicine Institute, Death Verification Service, and Medical Investigation Laboratories, of the University of Sao Paulo created the Waste Management Committee to organize and implement actions to comply with Brazilian legislation. This paper outlines the main actions taken by the Committee and Board of directors of the institutions, presenting it in ages. During the first five years were developed works to know the passive/regular discharge of infectious agents, chemicals, radioactive compounds, recyclable and common garbage. From this data, were constructed stations for provisory disposal, transportation flow and general rules were established, and training was given to staff and students. During the following five years, or in the second phase of actions plans, efforts were focused on improving the management of the process and increasing the gathering of recyclable materials. Now, in the third phase, actions have been developed aiming to eliminate devices that use mercury and mercury vapor lamps from FMUSP building; furthermore, composting of food and garden material is in the evaluation process. These actions gave to FMUSP two Prize Friend of the Environment (2010 and 2016), offered by Health Secretary of Sao Paulo State, and these experience will be shared in this paper. However, it is necessary to have in mind that this work was done under Brazilian regulations, but certainly, it can be adjusted to all countries.