Edvaldo Fialho dos Reis

ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DA ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA PARA TRES LOCALIDADES DO ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO NO PERIODO SECO

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o estudo comparativo das equacoes empiricas para estimativa da evapotranspiracao de referencia em comparacao ao metodo universal padrao Penman-Monteith FAO 56 para as condicoes climaticas dos municipios de Sooretama, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Venda Nova do Imigrante localizados, respectivamentes, nas regioes Norte, Sul e Serrana do Estado do Espirito Santo. Foram utilizadas as variaveis climaticas referentes ao periodo seco (junho, julho e agosto) do ano de 2006 obtidas via plataforma de dados do CPTEC - INPE provenientes das estacoes automatizadas agrometeorologicas codigos no 31957, 31958 e 31959 instaladas, respectivamente, nos municipios mencionados. Para comparar os valores de ETo estimados por meio das equacoes empiricas com os do metodo universal padrao Penman-Monteith (FAO56) foram considerados os parâmetros da equacao de regressao s0 e s1, coeficiente de determinacao (r²), coeficiente de correlacao (r), estimativa do erro padrao (EEP), indice de concordância (d), indice de confianca ou desempenho (c), nas escalas diaria, tres, cinco e sete dias, para os meses estudados nas tres localidades. Para as condicoes climaticas de onde se realizou o trabalho, em funcao dos indices e parâmetros estudados, para o periodo seco os melhores metodos pela ordem foram: Penman 48 Original, Priestley-Taylor (PT), FAO24 Penman Modificado, FAO24 Blaney-Criddle e Turc (61), FAO24 Radiacao, Makkink (Mk).

Ação transovariana de lufenuron (50 g/l) sobre adultos de Spodoptera Frugiperda (j. e. smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e seu efeito sobre o parasitóide de ovos Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Avaliaram-se a acao transovariana do lufenuron em Spodoptera frugiperda e sua seletividade ao parasitoide de ovos Trichogramma pretiosum. Casais da praga foram isolados em gaiolas de PVC e alimentados com solucao de mel a 10% na testemunha, e nos outros tratamentos, foi adicionado a solucao de mel o regulador de crescimento de insetos Match® CE nas proporcoes de 12,5; 15,0 e 17,5 g i.a/l. Para verificacao da acao transovariana, diariamente foram coletadas as posturas, contado o numero de ovos e, posteriormente, o numero de larvas eclodidas. Quarenta ovos provenientes de cada tratamento foram colados em cartelas de papel (cartolina) e expostos ao parasitismo, dentro de tubos de vidro de 1,0 x 3,5 cm, contendo uma femea de T. pretiosum no seu interior. Cartelas contendo 40 ovos de S. frugiperda foram imersas em solucoes de lufenuron com a mesma concentracao dos tratamentos anteriores e, posteriormente, expostas ao parasitismo por T. pretiosum. O lufenuron afetou consideravelmente a viabilidade dos ovos de S. frugiperda. Pelos resultados obtidos nos ensaios, relativos ao parasitoide, demonstram-se a seletividade do regulador de crescimento lufenuron e a possibilidade de sua utilizacao em programas de Manejo Integrado, juntamente com o parasitoide de ovos T. pretiosum.

PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE CAFÉ CONILON PROPAGADAS VEGETATIVAMENTE EM DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE SOMBREAMENTO

O cafe conilon (Coffea canephora) e uma cultura de grande importância na agricultura brasileira e ocupa posicao de destaque entre os produtos de exportacao. O cafeeiro pode ser conduzido em ambientes de baixa luminosidade, pois apresenta uma baixa irradiância de saturacao. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas de cafe conilon em diferentes niveis de sombreamento e a luz plena. O experimento foi realizado no CCA-UFES, Alegre/ES, no ano de 2005, num delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 3 repeticoes por tratamento, sendo as parcelas constituidas de 15 plantas, sendo 5 uteis. Os tratamentos constituiram de diferentes niveis de sombreamento (30%, 50%, 75%) e luz plena. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: Altura das mudas, diâmetro do caule, massa fresca e seca da parte aerea, volume de raiz e area foliar. Dentre os parâmetros avaliados, apenas o diâmetro do caule nao foi influenciado pelos diferentes niveis de sombreamento, sendo que, para os demais parâmetros avaliados, maiores valores foram encontrados com 75% de sombreamento. A partir dos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a 75% de sombreamento as plantas do cafe conilon apresentam crescimento vegetativo maior em relacao aos demais niveis.

Biologia e exigências térmicas de cinco linhagens de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) criadas em ovos de Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

The objective of this research was to evaluate the biology and the thermal requeriments of five strains of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) collected in commercial areas of tomato, in Espirito Santo State, on eggs the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under constant and alternating temperatures. The duration of the development cycle (egg-adult) of the five strains of T. pretiosum reared in eggs of T. absoluta was affected significantly by the temperature, in the band of the constants (15 to 30°C). This same fact was not observed in the alternated temperatures (26/14 and 29/16°C). The performance of the strains in the different temperatures, showed that L2 and L5 presented the best results concerning the emergency rate of their descendants of viability. The sex ratio of the five strains was affected by the temperature, with significant differences obtained in all the bands of the temperatures (constant and alternating) studied. The strains of T. pretiosum showed a base temperature (tb) variyng from 8.70 to 13.45°C, and a thermal constant (K) from 90.09 to 159.43 day degrees.

Influência da aplicação de dois resíduos industriais nas propriedades químicas de dois solos cultivados com café arábica

The large amount of industrial waste which currently causes serious environmental problems has demonstrated the need for the appropriate use of those materials which not only reduce environmental impact but have shown potential for agricultural use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical effects of different amounts of slag and magnesium oxide on two soils planted with coffea arabica. The study was carried out using pots of 10 dm3 in a greenhouse at the Center for Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Espirito Santo. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with a factorial distribution of 2 x 3 x 6, and three replications, the factors being: two soils (dystrophic red-yellow clay loam and dystrophic red-yellow medium-texture loam), three additives (limestone as control and slag and magnesium oxide as waste), six amounts of corrective materials (0; 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125% of the required liming). After 180 days of culture, analysis of pH, H+ + Al3+, Al3+, Ca2+ e Mg2+ was carried out. The results showed that applications of increasing doses of magnesium oxide and slag, up to the limit of this study, further a decrease in soil acidity. Magnesium oxide has shown the greatest potential for soil-acidity correction and also as a source of magnesium for the soil.

PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE TOMATEIRO POR ESTAQUIA: EFEITO DO SUBSTRATO E COMPRIMENTO DE ESTACAS

Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade da producao de mudas de tomateiro por estaquia em diferentes substratos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetacao no Centro de Ciencias Agrarias da UFES, em Alegre-ES. Para a producao de mudas do tomateiro comparou se os substratos: mistura de solo + areia lavada + esterco bovino, Plantmax® e areia lavada. Os substratos foram acondicionados em recipientes plasticos ( 8 cm de altura e 7 cm de diâmetro), com capacidade para 200 mL. Brotacoes foram retiradas de diferentes posicoes de plantas matrizes. Assim, as estacas foram padronizadas em tres alturas: 5, 8 e 11 cm . O experimento foi instalado em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (substratos x estacas) com tres repeticoes e 30 mudas por parcela, totalizando 810 mudas. Foram detectados efeitos significativos para a interacao entre os tipos de substratos e alturas de estacas nas seguintes caracteristicas: comprimento do sistema radicular, diametro medio das raizes, relacao entre a massa seca da parte aerea e massa seca do sistema radicular, massa seca total e massa seca do sistema radicular. Estacas de 5 cm apresentaram menor relacao PA/SR independente do tipo de substrato e maior proporcao de massa seca alocada no sistema radicular (53,8%). A propagado vegetativa do tomateiro e viavel, contudo maiores estudos sobre substratos alternativos, condicoes de enraizamento e padrao do material vegetal utilizado devem ser realizados.

Propriedades físicas do solo em função de manejos em lavouras de cafeeiro conilon

Physical soil properties as a function of management in crops of conilon coffee Agricultural soils are subject to change in their properties, according to the type of use and management systems adopted. The objective of this study was to evaluate, in different sampling sites, the physical properties of soils cultivated with conilon coffee under different managements in the South of Espirito Santo State, Brazil. Samples were collected from the layers 0,00-0,20 m and 0,20-0,40 m in the upper part of the coffee plant canopy, in relation to the direction of the slope. Coffee crops, representative of the South of the Espirito Santo State, with the same soil class (dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) hilly relief), were used for the study ,including the following managements: M1 – drip irrigation, liming every two years, fertilization, cleared and use of the straw of conilon; M2 - manuring, cleared and weedings; M3 - weedings and mowing. For each management, the following sampling sites were evaluated: UT upper third, MT - medium third; LT - lower third, along the slope. The physical soil properties evaluated were: bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and soil resistance penetration. For the experimental conditions, the soil resistance penetration, the macroporosity and microporosity important physical indicators of the quality of the soil were shown, influenced by the management, sampling site and evaluation depth.

Growth of eucalyptus seedlings subjected to the application of biosolids

Before the recommendation of use of biosolids in large scale in forest plantations, we must understand their effects in soil and plant. Thus, the growth of eucalyptus seedlings fertilized with different doses of sewage sludge from home was assessed in an experiment from July to October of 2007 in the Studies and Dissemination of Technology in Forest, Water Resources and Sustainable Agriculture Nucleus, in containers of 50 L filled with latossol. The experiment was mounted in a randomized design in a factorial 5 × 5 (five treatments and five incubation periods) with four replications. The treatments consisted on application of doses of sewage sludge (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100 ton ha -1 ) and incubation periods were 0; 20; 40; 60 and 80 days. In each period of incubation was performed an analysis of growth where a plant was removed from each experimental unit for determination of leaf area, total dry weight, ratio of leaf area and growth rates. Considering the specific case of sewage sludge characterized in this work, its application in the quantities used, increased the values of leaf area, total dry matter, leaf area ratio and rates of absolute and relative growth of the plants of eucalyptus. Moreover, the incubation periods set provided no changes in the characteristics evaluated, except for leaf area that increased with the increase of days.

Adubação foliar com macro e micronutrientes no crescimento de mudas micropropagadas do abacaxizeiro cv. Gold [Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill] em diferentes recipientes

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the foliar fertilization with macro and micronutrients on the growth of the plantlets micropropagated of pineapple cv. Gold [Ananas comosus (L.) Merrill] in different containers. The experiment was mounted in factorial arrangement 8x3, with foliar fertilization in 8 levels and containers in 3 levels, through a completely randomized design with five repetitions. The plantlets were standardized with average height of 7,12 cm. The foliar fertilization was used in the urea, potassium chloride, boric acid, a commercial formulated with macro and micronutrients and witness (pulverization with water) and the containers were: polystyrene tray with 200 cells; small tubete with 115 cm3; and big tubete with 300 cm3. The substratum used for all the containers was the plantmax hortalicas®. The foliar area characteristics, plant height and dry mass of the aerial part and of the root at 140 days after planting were evaluated. All the foliar fertilizers, in all used containers, provided larger growth in foliar area, height and dry mass of the aerial part to the plantlets of the pineapple, however with different results. The foliar fertilizers do not increase the dry mass of the radicular system. The container polystyrene tray presents the smallest averages for foliar area, height and dry mass of the aerial part of the plantlets of the pineapple with all the foliar fertilizer. The containers small tubete and big tubete present similar results in all levels of foliar fertilizers.

Influência da capacidade de campo na taxa de crescimento do cafeeiro conilon

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of field capacity (FC) on the growth rate of the conilon coffee plant by using three tensions (0.006 MPa (FC1), 0.010 MPa (FC2) and 0.033 MPa (FC3)) in two soils (Red-Yellow Oxisol and Red-Yellow Ultisol). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Center of Studies and Technology Dissemination in Forestry, Water Resources and Sustainable Agriculture, in the municipality of JerBnimo Monteiro-ES. Plants of Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner, variety Robusta Tropical (EMCAPER 8151), were cultivated in 12 L containers for 255 days. Growth analyses were carried out 15 days after transplanting and at the end of the experiment total dry matter and leaf area were determined. The soil moisture level in the field capacity varied as a function of the tension chosen for its determination. The highest rates of relative and absolute growth of Conilon coffee plants were obtained when the soil moisture was kept close to the field capacity determined at 0.010 MPa in the Red-Yellow Oxisol and at 0.006 MPa in the Red-Yellow Ultisol. The lowest growth rates of the crop were found in the field capacity determined at 0.033 MPa, making it unfeasible to the use in the estimation of the irrigation sheet with the Richards pressure plate apparatus.