Edward Charles Kostansek

Using dispersion/flocculation phase diagrams to visualize interactions of associative polymers, latexes, and surfactants

The colloidal interactions of associative polymers and latexes in the presence of surfactant are complex. This is because, in addition to good particle dispersion, both brid-ging and depletion flocculation can occur. Therefore, we have developed phase diagrams to help visualize these interactions. The various phases have a significant effect on coatings and applications properties. Examples of phase diagrams are presented for a model HEUR nonionic associative polymer and latexes in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. The major variables affecting phase behavior were found to be associative polymer concentration, latex particle size, latex surface hydrophobicity, and electrolyte, cosolvent, and surfactant concentrations.

Associative polymer/latex dispersion phase diagrams II: HASE thickeners

The colloidal interactions of HASE associative polymers and latexes in the presence of surfactant are complicated and subject to a number of variables. Both bridging and depletion flocculation can occur, in addition to good particle dispersion. Dispersion phase diagrams have been developed to help visualize these interactions. The various dispersion states can have a significant effect on coating formulations and film properties. Examples of dispersion phase diagrams are presented for a model HASE anionic associative thickener and various model latexes in the presence of sodium dodecyl-sulfate and nonionic surfactants. The major variables affecting dispersion behavior are associative polymer concentration, latex particle size, latex surface hydrophobicity, electrolyte concentration, and surfactant concentration. The dispersion phase behavior of the HASE systems is compared to that of HEUR thickened systems reported previously. A significant difference is that much less bridging flocculation is observed in the HASE systems. In addition, nonionic surfactants induced depletion flocculation in the HASE systems but not in the HEUR systems.