Edward F. Kleinman

Total synthesis of (±)-Lycodine

Abstract (±)-Lycodine ( 1 ) has been synthesized in five steps from cyanoenone 4 . The approach has also been applied to a new synthesis of (±)-lycopodine ( 2 ). Both alkaloids are available in better than 20% overall yield from enone 4 .

2-Aryl-3-methyloctahydrophenanthrene-2,3,7-triols as Potent Dissociated Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists

A significant improvement in agonist activity of the previously described 2-aryloctahydrophenanthrene-2,3,7-triol series of dissociated glucocorticoid receptor agonists (DAGRs) was achieved by modifying the substitution at C3 from (S)-3-hydroxy to (R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl. The IC50 of the prototype 13 in the efficacy assay measuring repression of IL-1 induced MMP-13 expression was 3.5 nM, exhibiting 87% of the maximal effect of dexamethasone (DEX). It displayed a dissociated profile by exhibiting 42% of the maximal effect of DEX in a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) luciferase reporter transactivation assay. Compound 13 and analogues containing heterocyclic replacements for the C2 phenyl and modified B rings showed high repression of TNFα production in human whole blood, with IC50 values (43-167 nM) approaching the level of DEX (21 nM). On the basis of X-ray structures and force field calculations, the overall potency of this series was attributed to a favorable conformation of the C2α phenyl, induced by the neighboring C3α methyl.