Edward L. Paul
Merck & Co.
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Archive | 2003
Edward L. Paul; Victor Atiemo-Obeng; Suzanne M. Kresta
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Chemical Engineering Science | 1992
Edward L. Paul; H. Mahadevan; J. Foster; M. Kennedy; M. Midler
Abstract The study of the effect of mixing on parallel reactions can be effectively utilized to provide information on local micromixing as well as to define the mixing requirements for this important class of industrial applications. Parallel reactions can be either part of the inherent reaction system or can be encountered in neutralization of mixtures containing labile substrates. These effects must be considered in scale-up of reaction systems in which mixing sensitivity may be significant.
Chemical Engineering Science | 1988
Edward L. Paul
Abstract Design of reaction systems for specialty organic chemicals requires utilization of chemical reaction engineering principles for a wide variety of kinetic problems. Kinetic analysis must include breakdown of the overall reaction into definable components in order to identify parallel and/or consecutive reactions that result in by-product formation. Once identified, methods of minimizing by-product formation can be developed. Examples are described of complex reaction systems which have required development of specialized procedures to minimize by-product formation. Each example represents a different kinetic problem and method of solution. Emphasis is placed on the close interaction between chemists and chemical engineers during laboratory development and plant reaction system design to achieve successful commercial operation.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 1990
Edward L. Paul
In the early 1970s, work was initiated a t the Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories (MSDRL) on the design and scaleup of a bioreactor to produce viral vaccines using anchorage-dependent mammalian cells. The objective was to develop a bioreactor configuration meeting the requirements for growing such cells in tissue culture that could be successfully scaled for production operation in anticipation of increased developmental and manufacturing requirements that would greatly exceed the limited capacity of roller bottles. This work resulted in development of a successful system based on the use of Koch-Sulzer static mixing elements as cell growth surfaces. This paper describes the development of this system and includes data on its performance in cell growth and virus infection on two scales of operation.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | 1981
Edward L. Paul; A. Kaufman; W. A. Sklarz
This paper discusses some of the challenges that are presented in industrial development of isolation processes for fermentation products from broth. Those charged with maximizing fermentor output address themselves to a totally different set of parameters than those charged with purifying and separating the active component. However, the complexity and cost of the purification and separation operations are directly keyed to the final composition of the fermentation broth, thereby making the concept of integrated process development a practical necessity. This concept is far easier to state than to accomplish. Maximization of broth titer has, in many cases correctly, dominated fermentation development strategy. It is then necessary that the isolation process accommodate some degree of changes in broth composition. Furthermore, some of these changes may not be introduced until the process is on-stream in the manufacturing plant. There may be situations, however, in which a gain in broth titer results in a net loss in process economics and/or operability because of increased separation problems. Recognition of these interactions in both areas of development can lead to enhanced process optimization. Since the differences in professional discipline and interest do not usually have the “fermenter” and the “isolator” as the same person or even in the same organizational unit, an unusually high degree of mutual understanding and interaction is required for effective and rapid process development. A major tool to accomplish this goal is to have miniaturized fermentation and isolation equipment for quickly evaluating process changes (i.e., use testing) or, a t least, a method that more or less precisely characterizes the physical and chemical state of the harvested broth.
Archive | 2003
Edward L. Paul; Suzanne M. Kresta; Victor Atiemo-Obeng
Archive | 1991
Michael Midler; Edward L. Paul; Edwin F Whittington; Mauricio Futran; Paul D Liu; Jaanpyng Hsu; Shih-Hsie Pan
Archive | 2009
Hsien‐Hsin Tung; Edward L. Paul; Michael Midler; James A. McCauley
Powder Technology | 2005
Edward L. Paul; Hsien‐Hsin Tung; Michael Midler
TAEBDC-2013 | 2009
Hsien‐Hsin Tung; Edward L. Paul; Michael Midler; James A. McCauley