Edward M. Scott

Femininity of Alcoholic Women's Preferences on Edwards Personal Preference Schedule

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule scores of 20 women alcoholics at an outpatient clinic were compared with scores of Edwards normative groups of women and men and with scores of 20 male alcoholics. Compared to the normative group of women, the alcoholic women were significantly higher on Intraception and Heterosexuality, significantly lower on Affiliation, and approached being significantly lower on Order (p < .10). With the exception of Affiliation, these results cross-validate results of previous research. The alcoholic womens profile of score means was very similar to the profile of normal women but not similar to the profiles of either alcoholic men or normal men. It was concluded that the conscious preferences of women alcoholics are no less feminine than those of normal women.

Object-Relations Theory: Expanded and Applied to the Treatment of Certain Alcoholics

This article is an attempt to incorporate the theory of object-relations, and to expand it for application for those alcoholics who are in need of psychotherapy. Specific attention is given to alcohols function as an E.O. (exciting object). In this regard some of the features of a T.O. (transitional object) are considered and the necessity to replace it with mental structure. Clinical examples of the authors position are presented.

Hypnosis: Complications—An Illustrative Clinical Example

ALTHOUGH hypnosis has received an ever greater utilization in forensic psychiatry, growing opposition seems to be mounting. The opposition is both legal and psychiatric/psychological. The conflictual tension and attention is indicated by the fact that an entire issue of The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, Vol. 27, 1979, has been devoted to this conflict. Another professional journal, The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, has been publishing an increasing number of articles on forensic hypnosis. A new association, founded in 1976, The Society for Investigative and Forensic Hypnosis, is now active and publishes its own journal. The conflict can be summarized in a variety of ways. For example, it can be demonstrated that hypnosis has been the key factoror variable-in solving criminal cases. Reiser, in his text, Handbook of Investigative Hypnosis (1980), documents how hypnosis has been valuable in helping to solve hundreds of criminal cases. The Supreme Court of New Jersey, in a 5 to 2 decision, favored admission of induced testimony under six guidelines:

Young Drug Abusers and Non-abusers: A Comparison:

THE reactive motivations for drug abuse by the young entails some of the following: 1. A reaction against the structure of the scientific approach. 2. A reaction against the long years of study before an individual could &dquo;grasp-truth&dquo; or really know something. 3. A reaction against the middle aged and elderly-&dquo;the overthirty-group&dquo; who couldn’t be trusted-except the gurus. 4. A reaction against some of society’s values, principles and goals-against being &dquo;square&dquo;. Yet, the reactive factors in themselves were not sufficient. It would seem that the positive dynamics or motivations were stronger, which include: (a) A desire to know one’s self, now-without the lengthy, difficult and expensive route of psychotherapy. (b) A desire to be wise in a philosophical or religious sense. (c) A desire to be in contact with the cosmos-with nature, with the sun, with the moon, with the stars; to be, in short, a modem day St. Francis! (d) The excitement of something new; by identification, the &dquo;drop-outs&dquo;, &dquo;fail-outs&dquo;, and the &dquo;misfits&dquo; could gain-immediately -a new and admired image and status. (e) The desire to be in on a new frontier. (f) The readiness to accept new leaders, new ideas, new lifestyles, new goals, new horizons-perhaps a new heaven. God is not dead but alive in a new form. In any movement, as the phenomenon increases, there is a rush for leadership. Usually, the lunatic fringe rises to the top first. Overnight experts, self-appointed gurus, arose to proclaim the benefits they personally derived from the wide use of illicit drugs. Once indoctrinated, some of the young began a type of missionary life, either by active recruitment or by modeling the new life-style. Numerous young people yearned to travel to the &dquo;new-holy-land&dquo; -Haight Ashbury in San Francisco. What began as a gathering of flower children in the early 1970s terminated in sordid scenes, regressive behavior, and psychotic episodes. Quick and poorly devised studies were undertaken and results promulgated suggesting that the use of drugs would do little harm

Treatment of Alcoholism in an Out-patient Clinic in Oregon

a low cost-to-benefit ratio. Over the 28 years since the beginning of our treatment center certain philosophies and procedures have developed which we believe contribute to the effective delivery of services. In the following sections of this paper we present some of the ideas and methods which we have found to be particularly useful. This is done in the hope that others who are developing their own delivery systems for alcoholism treatment may be spared some of the lengthy trial-and-

EPPS scores of male alcoholics: a review and cross-validation.

Mean EPPS scores for 20 male alcoholics at an outpatient clinic were found to be significantly higher than scores of Edwards General Adult Sample of men on Heterosexuality, but significantly lower on Deference, Order, Affiliation, and Endurance. These differences are consistent with most prior research, but inconsistent with the earliest published study. Further research with the EPPS on alcoholic populations is encouraged.

Personality and Movie Preference

Movies occupy a prominent position as a recreational outlet. Personality factors may influence the movie habits of people. Many investigators have studied the relation of movies to delinquency, how often children attend the movies and the like. Although no studies were found which related personality components and movie preference, one would expect such a relationship. Tyler ( 3 ) contends that Hollywood is a factory that manufactures hallucinations and that the movie theater is the psychoanalytical clinic for the average worker. Lazarsfeld (2 ) conducted a study in which he interviewed 800 women and concluded that movies are used as temporary solutions for minor depressions.

Delinquent Females: In-Depth Therapy and Some Theoretical Opinions

Various theoretical models of adolescence are dis cussed, and the author suggests that in delinquent girls the normal adolescent task of forming a sense of identity followed by inti macy is reversed; they jump the stage of identity to intimacy; the girl who has usually suffered rejection or branding in some form or other by her family, hopes to find herself by having relationships. Group hypnosis can frequently be used to uncover deep seated traumas, which can then be faced together in the group.

Violence in America: Violent People and Violent Offenders

VioLit summary: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper by Scott was to explore a number of issues surrounding violence in the United States, by examining violent offenders and violent situations in society. METHODOLOGY: This paper represented a non-experimental exploratory examination of the types of violence in American society. The author examined violence directed toward children, violence between children, adolescent and young adult violence, violence among the mentally ill, violence as revenge, family violence, violence in public areas and violent male offenders. The author concluded with an investigation of some of the treatment methods that have been employed in the search for an effective tool of prevention. FINDINGS/DISCUSSION: The author began by noting the consistent findings that violent crime is primarily a phenomenon found in large cities, and that it is usually committed by young males. Children are often the victims of violence within the family, with more than 16,000 dying each year from abuse and neglect. Children are battered because they are unwanted, or when a divorced parent remarries someone who is not interested in the child, or as a result of parents abusing alcohol or drugs. Children who come from homes where they experienced poor socialization could become bullies in the school context, by manipulating and controlling social situations. Passage into adolescence often involves an increase in levels of assertiveness and aggression, with an interest in power and territory. Groups form and the threat of violence becomes an ever-present possibility, both in social situations outside the school, as well as within the school context. This type of violence often begins in the home during the younger years, and continues as a pattern into the early stages of adulthood. At this part of life, the exciting and unpredictable tavern becomes the central theme, where life is played out as if upon a stage. Violence is also reported to be on the rise amongst the institutionalized mentally ill. This is perhaps due to the fact that many mentally ill harbor an old hatred that has yet to be resolved, such as abuse as a child, that can lead to violence that is triggered by some unrelated and insignificant event. People may also feel the desire for revenge for an event in their past, but through group support they can begin to get a better view of their problems. About 70% of murders typically are committed by someone known to the victim, and most of these occur within the victims home. This type of violence is often caused by psychological motivations, when ones ego has been damaged. Some estimates suggest that as many as 50% of American families have experienced some form of household violence. Laws have been so cumbersome and have avoided entering the domain of the sacred home that many cases of household violence have not been effectively handled. Violence is also common in public areas - on the streets and in the subways - with the primary target being the elderly, and the usual assailant being a younger male. The violent male felon acts according to different rules - he will kill when engaged in a fight. The author saw the intent to kill as a learned behavior, which must be unlearned via a process of resocialization to learn new values and to find a place within a new environment. When examining issues of treatment, the author noted that most offenders are against enforced theory on theoretical grounds, but would accept the notion of enforced therapy if it was conducted by a qualified professional for a violent criminal. Treatment should not, according to the author, be confined to the typical stereotypes of analysis, but should involve the use of clear judgement and wisdom to choose the most appropriate methods of rehabilitation. EVALUATION: This paper presents an informative look at the different types of violence that exist within contemporary society. However, the author provides little empirical evidence for his claims, and does not fully explain his assertions. No alternative explanations are offered for the various types of behaviors, and sweeping generalizations are made about the nature of each type of violent situation. Whilst this report does serve to add to the plethora of literature in the area of violence, it does little to advance scientific knowledge about the causes, nature and consequences of violent behavior. (CSPV Abstract - Copyright

Crime: It's Like When You Have a Cold and a Runny Nose. You Can't Stop It.

Within a prison population for the mentally and emotionally disturbed in the State of Oregon, the issue of responsibility was studied. The majority accepted responsibility for their crime. Further on in the questionnaire, when reasons (explanations) were presented, now the majority chose a reason. Tentative suggestions are tendered for this phenomenon.