Eiki Sakai

Detection of p53 Gene Mutations in Human Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers by Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis

The presence of mutations in the p53 gene was examined in ovarian cancers by a polymerase chain reaction‐single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis. The primers were designed to amplify exons 5 through 9 that contain phylogenetically conserved domains of the p53 gene. Mutations were detected in 5 out of 10 cases, one of which contained a deletion in the second allele. A single base substitution was detected in 4 cases at codons 162,175, 205 and 273 and a single base insertion in one case within codon 315. A high frequency of p53 mutations in ovarian cancers and lack of mutation in 6 benign ovarian tumors and 2 normal ovaries suggested that the mutation of the p53 gene was associated with the genesis and/or progression of ovarian cancer. In 1 of 7 endometrial cancers, two mutations at codons 239 and 254 were detected.

Pathologic and imaging findings of an oncocytoma in the deep lobe of the left parotid gland.

Oncocytoma is a rare salivary gland tumour consisting of oncocytes with many hyperplastic mitochondria. It usually occurs in the parotid gland. Because the features of oncocytoma resemble those of other benign and low-grade-malignant salivary gland tumours, clinical diagnosis is often challenging. This report presents the pathologic and imaging findings of an oncocytoma arising in the deep lobe of the left parotid gland in a 66-year-old man. Oncocytoma was diagnosed on the basis of histological, magnetic resonance imaging, and scintigraphic findings. The tumour showed accumulation of technetium-99m pertechnetate and decreased signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images.

Multiple macrodonts with odontoma in a mother and son—a variant of Ekman-Westborg-Julin syndrome: Report of a case

A case of multiple macrodonts with a complex odontoma in a mother and son is reported. This condition is thought to represent a variant of the Ekman-Westborg-Julin syndrome. The authors discuss the relationship between macrodontia and odontoma, and the involvement of hereditary factors is suggested.

A Randomized Prospective Study of Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Prophylaxis against Postoperative Infection after Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy of the Mandible

Background: We investigated whether oral levofloxacin was as effective as intravenous cefazolin sodium for preventing postoperative infections in patients undergoing sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible. Methods: Forty-four patients were randomized to treatment with levofloxacin or cefazolin sodium. Levofloxacin (100 mg t.d.s.) was administered orally, and cefazolin sodium (1 g b.i.d.) by intravenous infusion. Both drugs were given until 5 days postoperatively. The concentrations of levofloxacin in the mandibular bone marrow and serum were measured. Results: The mean levofloxacin concentration 4 h and 53.7 min after administration was 1.086 μg/ml in serum and 1.328 μg/ml in the mandibular bone marrow. The efficacy rate of levofloxacin was 95% and that of cefazolin sodium was 85.7%, with no significant difference between the two drugs (p = 0.322). Conclusion: Oral administration of levofloxacin is a simple, cost-effective and safe alternative to intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis after mandibular surgery.

Immunohistochemical analysis of the p53 tumor suppressor gene product in oral leukoplakia

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent malignancy in the oral cavity. p53 protein has been reported to be expressed at high levels in malignant lesions, while the level in premalignant lesions has yet to be determined. In this study, oral leukoplakia and oral SCC were examined. Seventy-four incision or excision samples from 43 cases diagnosed as leukoplakia, and 41 samples from 37 SCC cases in the oral cavity, were obtained. All samples (formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded) were examined immunohistochemically for overexpression of p53 protein with monoclonal antibody BP 53-12. As the result, 1. Twenty-two out of 43 leukoplakia cases, and 29 out of 37 oral SCC cases, were positive for p53 protein. 2. p53 protein was overexpressed in premalignant lesions, especially in the cases with moderate and severe epithelial dysplasia. 3. There was a relation between p53 protein expression and pathological features of leukoplakia (epithelial dysplasia), statistically. 4. There was a relation between p53 protein expression and clinical features of leukoplakia, statistically. 5. Malignant transformation during clinical observation was seen in 11 cases. Nine out of 11 cases were positive for p53 even before malignant transformation. Since in cancer-development cases, p53 staining was detected even before malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia to squamous cell carcinoma, it is indicated that p53 accumulation occurred at a early stage of cancer-development. In conclusion, immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein is suggested to be useful diagnostic procedure for oral leukoplakia, which may develop into oral SCC.