Eileen J. Tell

The lifetime risks and costs of nursing home use among the elderly.

In this paper, we estimate the risk of an individual of entering a nursing home throughout the aging process. We then estimate the expected lifetime costs of nursing home use both for an individual and for society as a whole. The model is based on double-decrement life-table analysis. Data are taken from a 1977 survey of 4,400 Medicare beneficiaries. At age 65, the upper bound for the lifetime risk of entering a nursing home is 43.1%. The risk of entering a nursing home increases with age until around age 80. At about age 85, the risk begins to decline significantly. At almost all ages, the lifetime risk of entry for females is twice that of males. The expected lifetime costs of nursing home care across all ages are between

The Complementarity Of Public And Private Long-Term Care Coverage

10,500 and

New Directions in Life Care: An Industry in Transition

13,600. These costs are distributed very unequally. Only 13% of the elderly account for 90% of all nursing home expenditures. Given current life expectancy, the expected annual cost per person over age 65 is between

Client-Related Risk Factors of Nursing Home Entry Among Elderly Adults

532 and

The risk factors of nursing home entry among residents of six continuing care retirement communities.

760. In the year 2000, the expected annual average costs of nursing home care per elderly person will range from

The Financial Capacity of the Elderly to Insure for Long-term Care

450 to

Attitudes Toward Joining Continuing Care Retirement Communities

650. The decline in the average annual cost per person reflects shifts in the age structure and increased life expectancy. These figures need not represent an unmanageable burden on societys resources. Figures presented here help establish the feasibility and desirability of long-term care risk-sharing arrangements among the elderly, like long-term care insurance, life care communities, and other models.

The Risk Factors of Nursing Home Entry Among Residents of Six Continuingcommunities

Discussions about long-term care financing often get mired in the false dichotomy that long-term care should be primarily either a public or a private responsibility. Our starting premise is that public and private long-term care coverage can best serve complementary roles. Therefore, public policy should focus on supporting both mechanisms to achieve efficient and equitable outcomes. The current state of the private long-term care insurance market, and the possible reasons for its modest size, provide a starting point for exploring how public policy might interface more productively with it, in the context of both existing and potential programs, such as the proposed Community Living Assistance Services and Supports (CLASS) Act.

Patterns of Nursing Home Use in a Prepaid Managed Care System: The Continuing Care Retirement Community

Current approaches to financing long-term care are inadequate; they are even less likely to meet future needs of increasing numbers of disabled and chronically ill elderly persons. While insurers, providers, and policy makers are developing models of risk-pooling that cover long-term care, the industry that first put these concepts into practice is moving in other directions. Despite the success of many continuing-care retirement communities in offering full and affordable long-term care coverage, a new trend emphasizes amenities over comprehensiveness. Sponsorship and consumer demand are contrasted with insurability of risks as key issues for the industry and for policy makers.