Eileen Trzcinski

Child Care and Inequality: Rethinking Carework for Children and Youth

1. Introduction to the Volume Section I: Re-Thinking Family Care Work 2. Almost Worried to Death: Commonalities and Dividions among American Women Caring for Children, 1850-1940 3. Stratification and Care Work: The Case of mothers 4. Comrades en el Barrio: the cultural Practice of Co-Mothering in a Rural Paraguyan Neighborhood 5. Nurturing Babies, Protecting Men: The dynamics of Womens Post-Partum Caregiving Practices 5. Developing non-Oppressive Standards of Good Care Section II: Family Intersections with the State 7. Health-Related Caregiving and Welfare Reform: The Choices Welfare-Reliant Women and Policy Makers Face 8. Making Mothers Fungible: The Adoption and Safe Families Act and the Privatization of Foster Care 9. Are Breadwinner Welfare States Friendly to Mothers and Single Mothers? Saction III: Carework in the Marketplace and Community 10. Theorizing Care and Inequality 11. Child Care across Sectors: A Comparison of the Work of Child Care in Three Settings 12. Where Teachers Can Make a Livable Wage: Activism to Address Inequalities in the Child Care Workforce 13. Activist Mothering and Community Work: Fighting Oppression in Low Income Neighborhoods 14. Professional Caregivers ans Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Youth 15. Social Support Organizations for Parents of Children with Cancer Associations: Local and National Problems and Prospects

Middle School Children's Perceptions on Welfare and Poverty: An Exploratory, Qualitative Study

This study was undertaken to determine how middle school children assess the effects of welfare reform on their daily lives. The study consisted of thirty interviews with children and their mothers recruited from a middle school in a large, metropolitan area. From the childrens perspective, multiple jobs and evening/night hours interfered with the child-parent relationship. Other consequences included grades going down and not getting to school on time. All the children stated that mothers should work, but most children felt mothers should only work when their children are in school. Welfare and poverty were issues about which children were teased at school.

Public Attitudes Toward Juveniles Who Commit Crimes The Relationship Between Assessments of Adolescent Development and Attitudes Toward Severity of Punishment

In this article, the authors used a statewide survey to investigate the extent to which beliefs regarding the age at which youth reach maturity, the role of peer influences, and other factors, such as abuse during childhood, are associated with measures of how harshly juveniles should be treated by the justice system. The results of this study provide strong support for the hypothesis that assessments of adolescent development are important predictors of attitudes about how juveniles should be treated in the justice system. In all cases, variables measuring attitudes surrounding adolescent development explained substantially more of the variance in attitudes toward punishment than did demographic and socioeconomic variables.

Family Policy in Germany: A Feminist Dilemma?

The paper provides a detailed description of different aspects of family policy in Germany, including descriptions of financial and employment supports for families in their caregiving role. Family policy in Germany provides strong financial and social support for children. Law and policy, however, are specifically formulated to encourage child rearing to take place in the home, with one of the parents focusing extensively on child rearing and family responsibilities. The paper also examines whether equality for women can be achieved within the framework of a corporatist welfare state regime such as Germanys. It develops the argument that the German route to equality may be a different one from that pursued by countries with liberal or social democratic welfare regimes. This scenario also implies that when and if equality does occur, the structures and meaning of this equality are also likely to differ. Finally, the paper argues that the corporatist welfare state regime cannot be dismissed as incompatible with the achievement of future equality for women. Instead such a model can be viewed as providing the potential of increasing choices for women with children.

Effects of uncertainty and risk on the allocation of time of married women

This article develops a model in which the existence of uncertainty in the rate of return to household production is shown to reduce the number of hours allocated to work at home. Empirically, the implications of the theoretical model are tested for married women with data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The findings indicate that uncertainty variables are significant determinants both of participation in the market and of hours allocated to work, home work, and leisure. Specifically, permanent income and measures of uncertainty exert a stronger influence on the allocation of time of married women than do transitory changes in income. In addition, women for whom the probability of divorce is high are both more likely to work in the market and to work more hours in this sector than are women for whom the probability of divorce is low.

Features of child food insecurity after the 2010 Haiti earthquake: results from longitudinal random survey of households.

Background Recent commentary on the health consequences of natural disasters has suggested a dearth of research on understanding the antecedents prior to the disaster that are associated with health consequences after the disaster. Utilizing data from a two-wave panel survey of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, conducted just prior to and six weeks after the January 2010 earthquake, we test factors prior to the quake hypothesized to be associated with food insecurity after the quake. Methods Using random Global Positioning System (GPS) sampling, we re-interviewed 93.1% (N = 1732) of the original 1,800 households interviewed in 2009. Respondents were queried with regard to mortalities, injuries, food security, housing, and other factors after the quake. Findings Child food insecurity was found to be common on all three indices of food security (17.2%–22.6%). Additionally, only 36.5% of school-aged children were attending school prior to the quake. Findings suggest that prior schooling was associated with a substantial reduction on food insecurity indices (OR 0.62–0.75). Findings further suggest that several household characteristics were associated with food insecurity for children. Prior chronic/acute illnesses, poor living conditions, remittances from abroad, primary respondent mental health, and histories of criminal and other human rights violations committed against family members prior to the quake were associated with food insecurity after the earthquake. Earned household income after the quake was only associated with one of the measures of food insecurity. Interpretation Food insecurity for children was common after the quake. Those households vulnerable on multiple dimensions prior to the quake were also vulnerable to food insecurity after the quake. Remittances from abroad were leading protective factors for food security. Because Haiti is well known for the potentiality of both hurricanes and earthquakes, reconstruction and redevelopment should focus on ameliorating potential vulnerabilities to poor outcomes in these natural disasters.

An ecological perspective on family policy: A conceptual and philosophical framework

This article develops a conceptual framework that places family policy within an ecological perspective. The ecological perspective is particularly useful in providing a means both to understand why diversity exists among families and to analyze how human-created rules disparately affect the environments faced by families within and across different societies. Examples are provided of how family policy is conceptualized by organizations and groups that are concerned with family issues, and these examples are critiqued from the ecological perspective. Finally, the article suggests that the values on which an ecological perspective of family policy are grounded can serve as a beginning point to develop a philosophical basis for the development of family policy.

Interrelationships among Locus of Control and Years in Management and Unemployment: Differences by Gender

This paper focuses on gender differences in the role played by locus of control within a model that predicts outcomes for men and women at two opposite poles of the labour market: high level managerial / leadership positions and unemployment. Based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we investigated the extent to which gender differences occur in the processes by which highly positive and negative labour market outcomes are determined and in the processes underlying the development of one particular aspect of personality, that is, locus of control. Overall gender differences were more pronounced in the results for years in managerial/ leadership positions than for locus of control. Negative labour market states were also marked by gender differences, but not to the same degree observed for positive states.

Cost Analysis of a Novel Interdisciplinary Model for Advanced Illness Management

Purpose: This research project evaluated cost outcomes for patients in the @HOMe Support program, a novel interdisciplinary home-based program for patients and caregivers facing advanced illness drawing on the Chronic Care Model. Methods: Cost analysis involved paired sample t-tests to examine pre–post differences in health care expenditures obtained from Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) claims data for program participants. Results: Average 6-month costs per month significantly declined for patients older than 65 years of age from 1 HMO (US

Family Policy in Germany

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