Einar Hardin

The Integration of Women into Professional Personnel and Labor Relations Work

The author analyzes the employment share and relative earnings of women in personnel and labor relations (PLR) occupations. Using data from three government sources, he finds that womens employment share in PLR work, which remained at about 30% from 1950 to 1970, grew swiftly thereafter, reaching 58% in 1989, and was highest in industries with a high proportion of women in their total work force. Womens earnings relative to mens in the “specialist” PLR occupation grew between 1983 and 1989, but did not reach equality, and in the “managerial” PLR occupation they remained about two-thirds of mens between 1986 and 1989. At least two-thirds of the 1979 earnings differential between men and women reflected gender differences in earnings for identical age, education, and extent of work.

Automation and the Employee

Einar Hardin, Ph.D., is Associate Professor, Department of Economics, and Acting Associate Director of Research and Planning, Labor and Industrial Relations Center, Michigan State University. He was Research Associate in the Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research, Stockholm, 1950-1953, and in the Labor and Industrial Relations Center since 1956. Eugene H. Jacobson, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology and Assistant Dean for International Studies, College of Science and Arts, Michigan State University. He was Assistant Program Director, Human Relations Program, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 1946-1955; Chief, Division of Applied Social Sciences, UNESCO, 1957-1959; and Research Associate, Labor and Industrial Relations Center, Michigan State University, 1956-1957 and 1959-1960. ABSTRACT: Field research suggests that the impact of office automation upon job satisfaction varies depending on whether