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Featured researches published by Einat Hauzman.


Brain Behavior and Evolution | 2014

Comparative study of photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cell topography and spatial resolving power in Dipsadidae snakes.

Einat Hauzman; Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci; Sonia Regina Grötzner; Maritana Mela; Andre Liber; Sonia L. Martins; Dora Fix Ventura

The diurnal Dipsadidae snakes Philodryas olfersii and P. patagoniensis are closely related in their phylogeny but inhabit different ecological niches. P. olfersii is arboreal, whereas P. patagoniensis is preferentially terrestrial. The goal of the present study was to compare the density and topography of neurons, photoreceptors, and cells in the ganglion cell layer in the retinas of these two species using immunohistochemistry and Nissl staining procedures and estimate the spatial resolving power of their eyes based on the ganglion cell peak density. Four morphologically distinct types of cones were observed by scanning electron microscopy, 3 of which were labeled with anti-opsin antibodies: large single cones and double cones labeled by the antibody JH492 and small single cones labeled by the antibody JH455. The average densities of photoreceptors and neurons in the ganglion cell layer were similar in both species (∼10,000 and 7,000 cells·mm-2, respectively). The estimated spatial resolving power was also similar, ranging from 2.4 to 2.7 cycles·degree-1. However, the distribution of neurons had different specializations. In the arboreal P. olfersii, the isodensity maps had a horizontal visual streak, with a peak density in the central region and a lower density in the dorsal retina. This organization might be relevant for locomotion and hunting behavior in the arboreal layer. In the terrestrial P. patagoniensis, a concentric pattern of decreasing cell density emanated from an area centralis located in the naso-ventral retina. Lower densities were observed in the dorsal region. The ventrally high density improves the resolution in the superior visual field and may be an important adaptation for terrestrial snakes to perceive the approach of predators from above.


Journal of Vision | 2017

L-/M-cone opponency in visual evoked potentials of human cortex

Mirella Telles Salgueiro Barboni; Balázs Nagy; Cristiane Maria Gomes Martins; Daniela Maria Oliveria Bonci; Einat Hauzman; Avinash Aher; Tina I. Tsai; Jan Kremers; Dora Fix Ventura

L and M cones send their signals to the cortex using two chromatic (parvocellular and blue-yellow koniocellular) and one luminance (magnocellular) pathways. These pathways contain ON and OFF subpathways that respond to excitation increments and decrements respectively. Here, we report on visually evoked potentials (VEP) recordings that reflect L- and M-cone driven increment (LI and MI) and decrement (LD and MD) activity. VEP recordings were performed on 12 trichromats and four dichromats (two protanopes and two deuteranopes). We found that the responses to LI strongly resembled those to MD, and that LD and MI responses were very similar. Moreover, the lack of a photoreceptor type (L or M) in the dichromats led to a dominance of the ON pathway of the remaining photoreceptor type. These results provide electrophysiological evidence that antagonistic L/M signal processing, already present in the retina and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), is also observed at the visual cortex. These data are in agreement with results from human psychophysics where MI stimuli lead to a perceived brightness decrease whereas LI stimuli resulted in perceived brightness increases. VEP recording is a noninvasive tool that can be easily and painlessly applied. We propose that the technique may provide information in the diagnosis of color vision deficiencies.


BMC Genetics | 2017

A novel nonsense mutation in the tyrosinase gene is related to the albinism in a capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella)

Felipe Tadeu Galante Rocha de Vasconcelos; Einat Hauzman; Leonardo Dutra Henriques; Paulo Roney Kilpp Goulart; Olavo de Faria Galvão; Ronaldo Yuiti Sano; Givago da Silva Souza; Jessica W. Lynch Alfaro; Luis Carlos de Lima Silveira; Dora Fix Ventura; Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci

BackgroundOculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive inherited condition that affects the pigmentation of eyes, hair and skin. The OCA phenotype may be caused by mutations in the tyrosinase gene (TYR), which expresses the tyrosinase enzyme and has an important role in the synthesis of melanin pigment. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic mutation responsible for the albinism in a captive capuchin monkey, and to describe the TYR gene of normal phenotype individuals. In addition, we identified the subject’s species.ResultsA homozygous nonsense mutation was identified in exon 1 of the TYR gene, with the substitution of a cytosine for a thymine nucleotide (C64T) at codon 22, leading to a premature stop codon (R22X) in the albino robust capuchin monkey. The albino and five non-albino robust capuchin monkeys were identified as Sapajus apella, based on phylogenetic analyses, pelage pattern and geographic provenance. One individual was identified as S. macrocephalus.ConclusionWe conclude that the point mutation C64T in the TYR gene is responsible for the OCA1 albino phenotype in the capuchin monkey, classified as Sapajus apella.


BMC Evolutionary Biology | 2017

Daily activity patterns influence retinal morphology, signatures of selection, and spectral tuning of opsin genes in colubrid snakes

Einat Hauzman; Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci; E. Y. Suárez-Villota; Maureen Neitz; Dora Fix Ventura

BackgroundMorphological divergences of snake retinal structure point to complex evolutionary processes and adaptations. The Colubridae family has a remarkable variety of retinal structure that can range from all-cone and all-rod to duplex (cone/rod) retinas. To explore whether nocturnal versus diurnal activity is responsible for constraints on molecular evolution and plays a role in visual opsin spectral tuning of colubrids, we carried out molecular evolution analyses of the visual opsin genes LWS, RH1, and SWS1 from 17 species and performed morphological analyses.ResultsPhylogenetic reconstructions of the RH1 and LWS recovered major clades characterized by primarily diurnal or primarily nocturnal activity patterns, in contrast with the topology for SWS1, which is very similar to the species tree. We found stronger signals of purifying selection along diurnal and nocturnal lineages for RH1 and SWS1, respectively. A blue-shift of the RH1 spectral peak is associated with diurnal habits. Spectral tuning of cone opsins did not differ among diurnal and nocturnal species. Retinas of nocturnal colubrids had many rows of photoreceptor nuclei, with large numbers of rods, labeled by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and two types of cones: large cones sensitive to long/medium wavelengths (L/M) and small cones sensitive to ultra-violet/violet wavelengths (UV/VS). In contrast, retinas of diurnal species had only one row of photoreceptor nuclei, with four types of cones: large and double L/M cones, small UV/VS cones, and a second group of small cones, labeled by WGA.ConclusionsFor LWS gene, selection tests did not confirm different constraints related to activity pattern. For SWS1, stronger purifying selection in nocturnal lineages indicates divergent evolutionary pressures related to the activity pattern, and the importance of the short wavelength sensitivity at low light condition. Activity pattern has a clear influence on the signatures of selection and spectral tuning of RH1, with stronger purifying selection in diurnal lineages, which indicates selective pressure to preserve rhodopsin structure and function in pure-cone retinas. We suggest that the presence of four cone types in primarily diurnal colubrids might be related to the gain of color discrimination capacity.


Brain Behavior and Evolution | 2013

Front & Back Matter

Nina Patzke; Andrea LeRoy; Nhlanhla W. Ngubane; Nigel C. Bennett; Katarina Medger; Nadine Gravett; Consolate Kaswera-Kyamakya; Emmanuel Gilissen; Richard Chawana; Paul R. Manger; Thomas Haaf; Eberhard Schneider; Nady El Hajj; Vladimir V. Pravosudov; Dovid Y. Kozlovsky; Shelby L. Brown; Carrie L. Branch; Timothy C. Roth; Ashley R. Maine; Sean D. Powers; Deborah I. Lutterschmidt; Jeremy R. Corfield; Heather L. Eisthen; Andrew N. Iwaniuk; Stuart Parsons; Einat Hauzman; Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci; Sonia Regina Grötzner; Maritana Mela; Andre Liber

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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2016

Visual ecology of snakes: comparative study of the density and distribution of retinal neurons in diurnal and nocturnal species.

Einat Hauzman; Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci; Dora Fix Ventura


Archive | 2018

Retinal Topographic Maps: A Glimpse into the Animals’ Visual World

Einat Hauzman; Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci; Dora Fix Ventura


Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision | 2018

Electroretinographical determination of human color vision type

Avinash Aher; Cristiane Maria Gomes Martins; Mirella Telles Salgueiro Barboni; Balázs Nagy; Einat Hauzman; Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci; Dora Fix Ventura; Jan Kremers


Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2014

Visual Acuity and Genetic Classification of Subjects with either Type I or Type II Oculocutaneous Albinism

John Wolfe; Ronaldo Yuiti Sano; Einat Hauzman; Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci; Malinda E.C. Fitzgerald; Dora Fix Ventura


Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science | 2013

Analysis of the Expression of the Rhodopsin Gene Rh1 in Retinas of Nocturnal and Diurnal Dipsadidae Snakes and Comparative Study of the Density of Photoreceptors and GCL Cells

Einat Hauzman; Daniela Maria Oliveira Bonci; Maureen Neitz; Jay Neitz; Dora Fix Ventura

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Andre Liber

University of São Paulo

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Maritana Mela

Federal University of Paraná

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Balázs Nagy

Budapest University of Technology and Economics

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