Ekaterina Ivanova

Standardized endoscopic reporting

The need for standardized language is increasingly obvious, also within gastrointestinal endoscopy. A systematic approach to the description of endoscopic findings is vital for the development of a universal language, but systematic also means structured, and structure is inherently a challenge when presented as an alternative to the normal spoken word.

Recognition of hemorrhage in the images of wireless capsule endoscopy

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage has always been a difficult problem in clinical practice. The use of wireless capsule was a breakthrough in endoscopic diagnosis of the source of bleeding in small intestine. However, inspection of the capsule record data is a time-consuming process, and its reduction is a very important aspect in urgent cases. This paper provides the method of the hemorrhage recognition in the gastrointestinal tract using a wireless capsule endoscopy. The method is based on analysis of the color scheme HSV [4] (Hue, Saturation, Value). According to this scheme the images of the gastrointestinal tract that are expected to contain hemorrhage are selected. In consequence of the two-stage analysis system (blocks and pixels) a high precision of the study is attained, practically eliminating mistakes. The achieved classification of the images by color code gives a possibility to create a scale of presence or absence of bleeding in each part of the gastrointestinal tract as well as to determine the intensity of hemorrhage.

Reagentless enzymatic sensors based on carbon-paste electrodes containing ruthenium mediators for the on-line determination of glycerol

A new design is proposed for biosensors based on carbon-paste electrodes enriched with ruthenium-containing acyclic compounds. Two biologically sensitive elements, a fragment of the cellular wall of Gluconobacter sp.33 containing a new enzyme PQQ-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase and a commercially available preparation of NAD-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase, are analyzed and compared. The activity of biologically sensitive preparations is studied using artificial electron carriers represented by ruthenium-containing acyclic and coordination compounds.

Endoscopic removal of a giant double-headed fibrovascular esophageal polyp

re 1. A, Upper-GI endoscopic view of giant fibrovascular polyp arising from the upper esophagus just near the level of the cricopharyngeus. Note submucosal appearance that occupies approximately the whole esophagus and has a smooth overlying mucosa of the body. B-E, General scheme of emoval of the giant esophageal fibrovascular polyp. B, C, Two endoloops, one after another, applied at the level of the ramification of the polyp body. first portion of the polyp is cut. D, E, Another 2 endoloops are placed at the very base of the stalk and securely tightened. The remaining portion of olyp is resected. F, First nylon endoloop is placed at the level of the ramification of the polyp body and tightened securely. The scope is then anged for a double-channel therapeutic gastroscope. Grasping forceps are used to manipulate the polyp in view of the difficulty of placing the edempolyp through the second loop. G, Resection of the first 75-mm portion of the giant fibrovascular polyp above 2 endoloops in endocut mode with 5-mm electrosurgical snare. H, The second loop is applied right over the first loop and tightened strongly, mainly to prevent possible profuse ing and perforation. The second portion of the polyp is removed above the loops. Resected giant fibrovascular polyp. I, Overall appearance of polyp. length, 13,5 cm; distal head, 32 mm in diameter with 2 ulcerations on the apex; proximal head, 25 mm in diameter. J, Cross-section at the level of the of the polyp, 18 mm in diameter (note the large vessels). K, Ligated 10-mm stalk stump of the polyp left in place. L, M, Histologic appearance ing mixture of fibrous and adipose tissues accompanied by abundant network of large vessels, covered by normal squamous epithelium. &E, orig. mag. 5; M, H&E, orig. mag. 20.) N, Surveillance gastroscopic view at 18 months revealing no changes of esophageal wall and mucosa, no evidence of recurrence.