Ekkehard Sturm
Yale University
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Featured researches published by Ekkehard Sturm.
Liver International | 2003
Peter L. M. Jansen; Ekkehard Sturm
Abstract: Bile salts take part in an efficient enterohepatic circulation in which most of the secreted bile salts are reclaimed by absorption in the terminal ileum. In the liver, the sodium‐dependent taurocholate transporter at the basolateral (sinusoidal) membrane and the bile salt export pump at the canalicular membrane mediate hepatic uptake and hepatobiliary secretion of bile salts. Canalicular secretion is the driving force for the enterohepatic cycling of bile salts and most genetic diseases are caused by defects of canalicular secretion. Impairment of bile flow leads to adaptive changes in the expression of transporter proteins and enzymes of the cytochrome P‐450 system involved in the metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids. Bile salts act as ligands for transcription factors. As such, they stimulate or inhibit the transcription of genes encoding transporters and enzymes involved in their own metabolism. Together these changes appear to serve mainly a hepatoprotective function. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) results from mutations in various genes encoding hepatobiliary transport proteins. Mutations in the FIC1 gene cause relapsing or permanent cholestasis. The relapsing type of cholestasis is called benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis, the permanent type of cholestasis PFIC type 1. PFIC type 2 results from mutations in the bile salt export pump (BSEP) gene. This is associated with permanent cholestasis since birth. Serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase (gamma‐GT) activity is low to normal in PFIC types 1 and 2. Bile diversion procedures, causing a decreased bile salt pool, have a beneficial effect in a number of patients with these diseases. However, liver transplantation is often necessary. PFIC type 3 is caused by mutations in the MDR3 gene. MDR3 is a phospholipid translocator in the canalicular membrane. Because of the inability to secrete phospholipids, patients with PFIC type 3 produce bile acid‐rich toxic bile that damages the intrahepatic bile ducts. Serum gamma‐GT activity is elevated in these patients. Ursodeoxycholic acid therapy is useful for patients with a partial defect. Liver transplantation is a more definitive therapy for these patients.
The Cardiology | 1998
Victor L. Serebruany; Paul A. Gurbel; Selva R. Murugesan; David R. Lowry; Ekkehard Sturm; Stanislav I. Svetlov
Cell membrane phospholipids, including platelet-activating factor (PAF), participate in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The plasma level of PAF acetylhydrolase (AH) was determined in 18 patients at presentation with AMI before thrombolysis, and the administration of adjunctive therapy, and compared with 13 healthy controls. Plasma levels of PAF-AH were significantly lower in the AMI patients (23.15 ± 1.75 nmol/min/ml) than in the controls (30.43 ± 2.13 nmol/min/ml; p = 0.027). Considering normal plasma levels of PAF and lyso-PAF, and lack of evidence that anti-PAF antibodies are really beneficial in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, it is reasonable to speculate that an inability of systemic PAF to ‘turn on’ PAF-AH enzymatic activity could contribute substantially to the observed events. Decreased PAF-AH activity in AMI patients may represent not a consequence, but rather, a risk factor for the development of acute coronary syndromes.
Gastroenterology | 2001
Lee A. Denson; Ekkehard Sturm; Wihelma Echevarría; Tracy L. Zimmerman; Makoto Makishima; David J. Mangelsdorf; Saul J. Karpen
Gastroenterology | 2004
Saskia W.C. van Mil; Wendy L. van der Woerd; Gerda van der Brugge; Ekkehard Sturm; Peter L. M. Jansen; Laura N. Bull; Inge E.T. van den Berg; Ruud Berger; Roderick H. J. Houwen; Leo W. J. Klomp
Hepatology | 2000
Ekkehard Sturm; Tracy L. Zimmerman; Aleta R. Crawford; Stanislav I. Svetlov; Pazhani Sundaram; James L.M. Ferrara; Saul J. Karpen; James M. Crawford
Hepatology | 1999
Stanislav I. Svetlov; Ekkehard Sturm; Merle S. Olson; James M. Crawford
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology | 2005
Wl van der Woerd; Swc van Mil; G van der Brugge; Ekkehard Sturm; Plm Jansen; Laura N. Bull; Iet van den Berg; Rudolphus Berger; Rhj Houwen; Lwj Klomp
Archive | 2004
Peter L.M. Jansen; Ekkehard Sturm; Michael Müller
The Lancet | 2003
Peter L. M. Jansen; Ekkehard Sturm
Journal of Hepatology | 2018
D. van Wessel; R. Thompson; T. Grammatikopoulos; A. Kadaristiana; I. Jankowska; P. Lipiński; P. Czubkowski; E. Gonzales; E. Jacquemin; A. Spraul; E. Sokal; M.A. Shagrani; D.C. Broering; T. Algoufi; N. Mazhar; E. Nicastro; D. Kelly; G. Nebbia; H. Arnell; Björn Fischler; S. Sankaranarayanan; Jan B. F. Hulscher; D. Serranti; C. Arikan; E. Polat; Dominique Debray; F. Lacaille; C. Goncalves; Loreto Hierro; G.M. Bartolo