Eklas Hossain

Microgrid test-bed design with renewable energy sources

This paper is dedicated to microgrid design by using several renewable energy sources (RES) together. The generator side contains the most widely used three types of RESs that are wind energy, solar energy, and fuel cells. The wind turbine is designed according to parameters of a 6.5kW commercial permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The solar plant that has 15kW rated power is constituted with string connection of 96 solar panels that has 170Wp rated power for each. The last generator of system is modelled according to parameters of a fuel cell that generates 10.5kW peak power. All the generation units are coupled over dc bus-bar by adjusting the voltages to 48Vdc. The dc loads are directly connected to bus-bar while the ac loads are supplied by ac bus-bar that is built by a three-phase 48V/380V-50Hz inverter. An RLC load with 10kW/250VA/250VAR power is connected to the output of inverter. The proposed test-bed can be improved by adding several generator and load types, and additional controllers, breakers, and contactors. In its current state, the proposed test-bed is considered as a preliminary design.

Hybrid microgrid testbed involving wind/solar/fuel cell plants: A desing and analysis testbed

This study introduces design, integration, control, and analysis of a hybrid microgrid (MG) testbed including a 300 kW wind energy plant of three 100-kW permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs), 50 kW solar energy plant of 200 solar panels, and a 50 kW fuel cell stack. Generation side of the hybrid plant coupled on 120V dc bus where wind energy plant consists of uncontrolled diode rectifier and dc-dc buck converter rail while the solar and fuel cell plants are just controlled by dc-dc buck converters. The energy conversion of solar energy plant is operated by using proportional-integral (PI) controller assisted perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The dc-dc converters of the left generators are operated with PI controllers. All the dc-dc converters are constituted with mosfets that are switched at 30 kHz. The islanded AC grid of the plant is built by three-phase inverter that generates 480 V 60 Hz industrial voltages of the U.S. The inverter is operated by a sinusoidal pulse width (SPWM) modulator where the modulation index is set to 0.8 and switching frequency to 5 kHz. The proposed testbed is assumed essential to test and validate several case studies in terms of MG and renewable energy source integration issues. The most recent power control methods (PQ) and amplitude controls (V-f) can also be implemented by using the presented testbed.

Microgrid facility at European union

The global microgrid market is promptly flourishing as government and private sector willingly to support actively. Todays, many countries and government have encouraged installing renewable energy farms for example wind farms and solar farms etc., and huge research has started in various aspect of it at the university level. The energy market in the United States is the largest market which has already taken a clear lead and they have mainly focused on remote microgrid and military microgrid. In European Union region, microgrids have reached in mature technology to participate in utility grid. However, in Asia-Pacific and Far East region has huge potential to grow up renewable energy market in future due to emerging economies to overcome power shortages/power outages and low grid connectivity. This paper presents several distributed generation around the European Union region and we have tabled testbeds information together. It helps the researcher to visualize todays microgrid and insight perceiving the possible evolvement of future grid. The study has concluded emphasizing the remarkable findings and potential research areas that would enhance for microgrid facilities.

State of the art review on walking support system for visually impaired people

The technology for terrain detection and walking support system for blind people has rapidly been improved the last couple of decades but to assist visually impaired people may have started long ago. Currently, a variety of portable or wearable navigation system is available in the market to help the blind for navigating their way in his local or remote area. The focused category in this work can be subgroups as electronic travel aids (ETAs), electronic orientation aids (EOAs) and position locator devices (PLDs). However, we will focus mainly on electronic travel aids (ETAs). This paper presents a comparative survey among the various portable or wearable walking support systems as well as informative description (a subcategory of ETAs or early stages of ETAs) with its working principal advantages and disadvantages so that the researchers can easily get the current stage of assisting blind technology along with the requirement for optimising the design of walking support system for its users.

Design a grid tie inverter for PMSG wind turbine using FPGA & DSP builder

The recent makeshift in fuel choice, renewable energy sources has been considered as the most popular form of its kind because of its environment friendly approaches, less cost tariff policy and the natural fuel abundance. This inclusion in power system promotes Micro-grid system to optimize the overall distribution. FPGA, elaborated as Field Programmable Gate Array, proposes chances for enhanced performance and coveted flexibility in design for the digital control. Conversely, the erudite convolution of the Hardware Description Language (HDL) coding, a way translating to HDL, can be an undesirable hurdle for the professional system designers. The design, depicted in this letter, is an instance of system modeling for FPGA-based digital control, which necessarily has the desired ability to auto-generate the HDL codes. The architecture of this design uses the DSP Builder technology, in a MATLAB / SIMULINK platform. A three phase full-bridge gird tied inverter for wind system and a three phase full-bridge inverter for grid connected wind system are built that demonstrates the close correlation with the model. The necessary simulations, results and the experimental analysis have also been highlighted for the different control techniques such as PI, dq, and the PWM control technique.

Designing a competitive electric vehicle charging station with solar PV and storage

An electrical vehicle charging station is a charging power supply for electrical vehicles. This paper proposes design of a model for a PV based electrical vehicle that forecasts total power output under particular conditions of Ankara city. First PV cell parameters are determined and then PV array formed including cells designed in order to calculate cumulative effect. Using actual irradiation and temperature values we try to catch an approximation of output power for the future needs.

Implementation of unit commitment algorithm: A comprehensive droop control technique to retain microgrid stability

Though natural droop control technique is a familiar technique to control the voltage and frequency droop in microgrid application, due to some limitations to handle different cases of application, at present time, it is not appreciable to the scientists and researchers world-wide and virtual droop control technique is developing into the most prominent control technique to regulate the frequency and voltage droop in smart grid system. In this paper, two distinct unit commitment strategies, one for islanded operation and another for grid-tied operation, are proposed for the natural gas generators backed microgrid arrangement to enhance the overall efficiency of the system and significantly scale down the fuel consumption. These novel control frameworks offer revamped implementation of renewable energy resources and minimization of the natural gas generator by using a unit commitment algorithm. Besides that, here, the virtual droop control is demonstrated for the grid tied operation of the microgrid arrangement. Furthermore, all the necessary algorithms are illustrated with proper schematics and the results are verified by Matlab simulations.

The path of the smart grid -the new and improved power grid

Smart Grid Technology, a reasonable move in modern Power System, assures coveted resiliency, consistency, and the utmost efficiency of the entire Grid System utilizing renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, and ocean energy by integrating on-site generation strategies. Apart from its environmental aspect, the renewable energy based smart grid technology has a broad scope of research, application, and commerce. In this paper, an inclusive review is outlined on smart grid and its prospect in imminent future. Besides the conventional grid system, the architecture, function, pros, cons, and the environmental aspect of the smart grid technology are illustrated to describe this modern contrivance. After that, the growth and the market scenario of the renewable are shown for the different regions of the world. Finally, a prognosis of the smart grid technology is presented from the comprehensive study.

Voltage and frequency stability analysis of AC microgrid

Microgrid is a single controllable unit constituting distributed generation (DG) and load in the power system. The micro source includes photovoltaic (PV) cells, wind turbine, micro turbine, fuel cell, electric accumulator and flywheel etc. Usually, the micro source operates in parallel with the normal distributed network that uses the power electronic devices. There are two typical operation modes of micro grid as the grid-connected mode and islanding mode. Thus, the running control problem is one key issue of the microgrid, which needs to be resolved in the actual operation. For exact synchronism, to protect the system and to reduce the load in case of imbalance condition, a control system is necessary to bring the system instability while providing efficient and robust electricity to the micro grid. This paper mainly analyses the micro sources with different types of loads and dispersion characteristics in different operating mode using droop control method.

Microgrid facility around Asia and far east

The surprising rates of electrification have experienced numerous populated counties in Asian region such as Bangladesh, Indian, China and Indonesia. To meet the increased demand for both power and grid services across the region will require innovation approach and the term discrete power system microgrid has introduced. As the reliability and quality of power demand have increased day by day, power industry faces many problems including rising cost of energy, power quality and stability, aging infrastructure, mass electrification, climate change and so on where people have focused on low voltage or medium voltage distribution generation. Microgrid has served several goals for the society in term of reliability, sustainability and economic power operation. Besides, feasibility of microgrid is wide spread such as various region of underdeveloped Asian subcontinent especially in remote village and Islands. This paper has a detail description of perspective and existing microgrid around this region and its future application. Moreover, the information of microgrid has tabulated here so that researcher and designer would get help from it along with they might know what have done so far in this field and what is going up. The market of microgrid has increased dramatically since last decade and government has focused on quality of community life by harvesting maximum renewable power.