El-Sayed S. Abdel-Hameed

Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of the leaves of seven Egyptian Cassia species

Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of the leaves of seven Egyptian Cassia species In the present study, antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of the leaves of seven Egyptian Cassia species was investigated using two methods, the phosphomolyb-date method and 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity method.· The results revealed that C. glauca is the most potent species and that the activity of other plant species decreases in the following order: C. grandis > C. nodosa > C. fistula > C. didymobtrya > C. occidentalis > C. sophera. Defatted methanolic extract of the most active plant C. glauca was subjected to fractionation using different organic solvents such as CHCl3, EtOAc and BuOH. Antixidant activities of the fractions were investigated and the results showed that ethyl acetate fraction possessed high activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations of each plant extract were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride. Correlation between radical scavenging capacities of extracts and total phenolic concentration was observed. Antioksidativno djelovanje metanolnih ekstrakata listova sedam egipatskih vrsta roda Cassia U radu je ispitano antioksidativno djelovanje metanolnih ekstrakata listova sedam egipatskih vrsta roda Cassia koristeći fosfomolibdatnu metodu i metodu vezanja slobodnih 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil radikala (DPPH). Rezultati pokazuju da C. glauca ima najveć u aktivnost te da se djelovanje smanjuje sljedećim redom: C. grandis > C. nodosa > C. fistula > C. didymobtrya > C. occidentalis > C. sophera. Odmašćeni metanolni ekstrakt najaktivnije biljke C. glauca frakcioniran je pomoću različitih organskih otapala kao što su CHCl3, EtOAc i BuOH. Ispitivanje antioksidativnog djelovanja pojedinih frakcija pokazuje da je etil-acetatna frakcija najaktivnija. Pomoću Folin-Ciocaltuovog reagensa i aluminijevog klorida određena je ukupna koncentracija fenola i flavonoida svakog pojedinog ekstrakta. Uočena je korelacija između sposobnosti hvatanja slobodnih radikala i ukupnog sadržaja fenola.

Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity of Defatted Fresh Taif Rose, Saudi Arabia

Recently, the residues or by-products of agriculture industry take attention for their valuable source of natural antioxidants. Taif rose (Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck) is considered one of the most important economic products of Taif, Saudi Arabia. In this study, the antioxidant and total phenolic contents of the defatted flowers of fresh Taif rose were investigated. The antioxidant activity was chemically determined using three methods; 1,1-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) free radical scavenging activity, phosphomolybdenum method and reducing power activity. The methanol extract showed antiradical activity with SC50=49.44 μ g/ml. Different fractions obtained from successive fractionation of the methanol extract with organic solvents of different polarities; chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH); showed that, the EtOAc fraction had higher antiradical activity than n-BuOH fraction, and their respective SC50 were 15.62 and 36.29 μ g/ml. On the other hand, CHCl3 fraction had a poor antiradical activity (SC50>100 μ g/ml). The total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols and RPHPLC analysis of the methanol extract and its EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions were determined. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest contents of phenolics, flavonoids

Characterization of the phytochemical constituents of Taif rose and its antioxidant and anticancer activities.

Ward Taifi (Taif rose) is considered one of the most important economic products of Taif, Saudi Arabia. In this study both fresh and dry Taif rose were biologically and phytochemically investigated. The 80% methanol extracts and n-butanol fractions of dry and fresh Taif rose had high radical scavenging activity toward artificial 1,1-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)• radical with SC50 values range 5.86−12.24 µg/ml whereas the aqueous fractions showed weak activity. All samples had in vitro anticancer activity toward HepG2 with IC50 < 20 µg/ml which fall within the criteria of the American Cancer Institute. High positive correlation appeared between the antioxidant activity and total phenolics whereas there is no correlation between total phenolics and anticancer activity. The LC-ESI(− ve)-MS analysis of all extracts indicate the presence of phenolic compounds belonging to hydrolysable tannins and flavonol glycosides. In conclusion, the presence of this is considered to be the first phytochemical report that identifies the major compounds in dry and fresh roses using HPLC-ESI-MS. The methanol extracts and its n-butanol and aqueous fractions for both fresh and dry Taif rose could be used as preventive and therapeutic effective natural agents for diseases in which free radicals involved after more in vitro and in vivo studies.

Molluscicidal steroidal saponins and lipid content of Agave decipiens

Abstract GLC analysis of the petrol extract of the leaves of Agave decipiens revealed that n-hexacosane was the main hydrocarbon, β-sitosterol the main sterol and oleic acid the main fatty acid. Two spirostanol and two furostanol saponins have been isolated from the methanolic extract. The structures of these saponins were established as 3-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β- d -glucopyranosyl-26-O-β- d -glucopyranosyl-22α-methoxy-(25R)-furost-5-ene-3β,26-diol (1), neoruscogenin 1-O-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- d -galactopyranoside (2), 1-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β- d -glucopyranosyl-26-O-β- d -glucopyranosyl-22-O-methylfurosta-5,25(27)–diene-1β,3β,22,26–tetraol (3) and neohecogenin 3-O-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1→2)]–β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β- d –galactopyranoside (4). Saponins 2 and 4 showed high molluscicidal activity against B. alexandrina snails (LC90=13 and 6 ppm, respectively), whereas saponins 1 and 3 were inactive up to 50 ppm.

Non-Phenolic Antioxidant Compounds from Buddleja asiatica

The methanol extract of the leaves of Buddleja asiatica Lour. (Loganiaceae) showed antioxidant activity toward the well known in vitro antioxidant tests such as total antioxidant capacity by the phosphomolybdenum method, free radical scavenging activity by the 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay (DPPH assay) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods. Due to the high scavenging activity of the n-butanol successive fraction toward DPPH and H2O2 (SC50 = 11.99 and 18.54 μg/ml, respectively), this extract was subjected to chromatographic separation and isolation. Four non-phenolic compounds were isolated and identified on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical analyses: 1-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl- 2-methoxy-3-(2-hydroxy-triaconta-3,12-dienoate)-glycerol (1), 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl- (1→4)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-[ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-ß-d-fucopyranosyl-olean- 11,13(18)-diene-3ß,23,28-triol (2), 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl- (1→4)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-ß-d-fucopyranosyl-olean-11,13(18)-diene-3ß,23,28-triol (3), and 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-[ß-d-xylopyranosyl- (1→2)]-ß-d-glucuronopyranosyl-acid-olean-11,13(18)-diene-3ß,23,28-triol (4). The four compounds were evaluated as antioxidant agents using the three antioxidant bioassay tests.

Chemical characterization of Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck essential oil and its in vitro genotoxic and cytotoxic properties

Abstract Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck (Taif rose) is considered as one of the most important economic products of Taif governorate, KSA. In this study, the different components of Taif rose essential oil were characterized using GC-MS technique. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic and anticancer effects of the oil were investigated toward normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes and two kinds of human cancer cell lines; HepG2 and MCF7. GC-MS analysis showed that the acyclic monoterpene alcohols had the highest content (254.7 mg/g oil). The major components of the oil that have relative percentage > 5% were β-citronellol, geraniol, nerol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and nonadecane. The results showed that the oil was safe at a dose < 50 μg/mL when applied to normal human blood lymphocytes monitored by 7-AAD assay and DNA index determination. The oil exerted anticancer activity against HepG2 and MCF7 with IC50 = 13.03 ± 0.8 and 16.44 ± 1.4 μg/mL respectively. In conclusion, the essential oil of Taif rose can be used as an effective therapeutic natural agent after more toxicological in vitro and in vivo studies.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Leaves of Schinus molle L. Growing in Taif, KSA

Abstract Climatic and geographic conditions play an important role in the variations of chemical composition of essential oils and consequently its biological activities. The chemical constituents of essential oil from leaves of S. molle L. (Family Anacardiaceae) growing in Taif, KSA were investigated using capillary GC-MS technique. Mono- and sesquiterpenes represented by fifty compounds were identified and quantified. The total sesquiterpenes had the higher quantity (594.50 mg/100 g FWL) whereas the total monoterpenes had a lower quantity (353.69 mg/100 g FWL). α-phellandrene (211.70 mg/100 g FWL, 22.33%) was the major compound in the monoterpenes whereas δ-cadinene (57.72 mg/100 g FWL) and guaiol (55.69 mg/100 g FWL) were the major compounds in the sesquiterpenes. The special climate and geographic location of Taif governorate play an important role in the variation of chemical composition of S. molle essential oil. The S. molle essential oil showed promising anticancer activity toward the HepG2 cell line with IC50 = 16.33±0.78 that fall within the range of the American National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria which considered the agent is promising when its IC50 < 20 μg/ml. Thus, this oil considered as promising anticancer potential after more in vitro and in vivo chemical and biological investigations. According to the above results, it is recommended for widespread cultivating this tree and its related species. All parts of the tree can be used as an important raw material for the extraction of essential oil used in traditional medicine as well as food and pharmaceutical industries.

Effects of Macro- and Microelements in Soil of Rose Farms in Taif on Essential Oil Production by Rosa damascena Mill.

Rose is one of the most economically important ornamental crops in the world. In this study, we analyzed nine macro- and microelements in soils and petals of R. damascena Mill. cultivated in Shafa and Hada mountains. The amounts of the investigated macro- and microelements varied from one soil or petal sample to another and they were generally higher in most soil and petal samples of Shafa compared to Hada. On the other hand, the levels of the investigated elements in petal samples were not dependent on their levels in soil samples. While water extracts of the soil of farms of Shafa were slightly alkaline (pH 7.69), they were moderately alkaline (pH 8.04) in Hada farms. The amounts of oil produced by rose petals of Hada were relatively larger than those of Shafa. Amongst the five investigated constituents of the volatile oil of roses, the amounts of citronellol, geraniol, and eugenol were significantly larger in the volatile oil of rose petals of Hada compared to Shafa. This study suggests that the ecology of roses of both Hada and Shafa mountains is different and this is most likely reflected on the amount of volatile oil and its constituents. Therefore, further integrated multidisciplinary research correlating rose ecology, agronomy, and essential oil yield is highly recommended.