Elder Finkenauer

Levantamento populacional e análise faunística de lepidoptera em Eucalyptus spp. no município de Pinheiro Machado, RS

The objective of this research was to collect, to study and to characterize the fauna of lepidopterous associated with Eucalyptus spp., plantation in the Municipality of Pinheiro Machado, in RS state. In the period of October 2005 to October 2007, every 15 days, collections of insects were accomplished with three light traps. After selection and transfixion procedures, the lepidopterous were identified based on entomological collections and specialized literature. Two thousand and twenty individuals belonging to 14 families, 106 genera and 220 species were collected. The families with the highest number of species collected were: Noctuidae (59), Geometridae (30), Arctiidae (28) and Saturniidae (14). According to the fauna classification the most species were considered not dominant, uncommon, rare and accidental. Among the species identified, there were some whose larvae are defoliators of the eucalypts: Oxydia agliata , (Geometridae), Sarsina violascens (Lymantriidae), Automeris illustris , Eacles imperialis magnifica and Lonomia obliqua (Saturniidae), which needs to have their populations monitored.

Teratosphaeria nubilosa em plantações comerciais de Eucalyptus globulus nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil

A large number of pathogens, especially fungi affect several eucalypt species from the nursery phase to the adult crops. Among fungal diseases, Mycosphaerella leaf disease is considered one of the main conditions, to which Eucalyptus globulus, is one of the most susceptible species. This disease is caused by several species into the genera Teratosphaeria and Mycosphaerella, and Teratosphaeria nubilosa is the most importance species. The aim of the present study was to verify the presence of T. nubilosa in materials collected in: Bage-RS, Pedras Altas-RS, Botucatu-SP, Jacarei-SP and Itapeva-SP. By means of isolations from E. globulus leaves presenting cha racter istic symptoms of T. nubilosa, isolates of the fungus could be observed as to ascospore germination pattern and mycelial growth. The pathogen specie was determined by PCR using primers ITS1 and ITS4 and DNA sequencing, and submission to GenBank. From materials collected in all five studied places, confirming the presence of the agent of Mycosphaerella leaf disease in some of E. globulus crops in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil.

Coleópteros coletados com armadilhas luminosas e etanólicas em plantio de Eucalyptus spp. no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul

The objective of this study was to collect, identify and study population fluctuation of Coleoptera species in a forest of Eucalyptus spp., on a farm in the municipality of Pinheiro Machado, Rio Grande do Sul State. Insects were collected with light traps and ethanol traps, once every fifteen days, in the period of February 2006 to October 2007. The insects, after selection procedures, were identified based on entomological collections and specialized literature. A total of 6172 individuals were collected and distributed among 40 families and 249 species, of which 130 were identified at the species level and 119 at the family level, representing 4498 and 1674 of total individuals collected, respectively. Cyclocephala sp. 1, Cyclocephala sp. 2, Dyscinetus sp. 1, Euetheola humilis (Scarabaeidae) and Neoclytus curvatus (Cerambycidae) were the most abundant species, representing 49.28% of the individuals identified in genus and/or species. Scarabaeidae presented the highest number of individuals (2588), distributed in 37 species. The families Cerambycidae (47) and Scolytidae (40) presented the largest number of species. Individuals of Coleoptera were trapped at all collections but the largest number of individuals was trapped in December 2006 and March 2007.

EFEITO DA COR DE ARMADILHAS ADESIVAS PARA MONITORAMENTO DE Thaumastocoris peregrinus CARPINTERO & DELLAPÉ (HEMIPTERA: THAUMASTOCORIDAE) NO CAMPO

The bronze bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus is native from Australia and has been detected in Brazil since 2008, causing damages in eucalyptus plantations. This insect feeds on the phloem-sap, preferentially on the oldest leaves, that evolves into chlorotic spots and later in bronze spots. In high infestations, plant defoliation may occur. Although the feeding damage results in losses, the efforts for monitoring are still scarce. Therefore, by using adhesive traps colored differently we sought to determine which color would be the best for monitoring this insect in eucalyptus plantations. White and yellow traps are efficient for field monitoring and should be installed in the top of the trees located in the edge of the plots.

Cutting preference of Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel, 1909) and Acromyrmex ambiguus (Emery, 1887) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by different eucalypt species in laboratory

The search for new leafcutter ant management and control methods have been the aim of several studies over the country, propelled by economic and environmental aspects. The establishment of resistant or less preferred species for the cut can contribute substantially in this subject. This way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cutting preference between the species Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus globulus and híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla X 1 Biólogo, Dr., Pós-doutorando, Embrapa Clima Temperado, BR 392, Km 78, Caixa Postal 403, CEP 96010-971, Pelotas (RS), Brasil. joaorosado.ento@gmail.com 2 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Dr., Professor do Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas (RS), Brasil. alcienimar@yahoo.com.br 3 Bióloga, Mestranda em Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas (RS), Brasil. ise.freitas07@hotmail.com 4 Biólogo, MSc, Doutorando em Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas (RS), Brasil. michelmyrmex@gmail.com 5 Biólogo, Mestrando em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, bairro Agronomia, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil. william_drose@hotmail.com 6 Engenheiro Agrônomo, Dr., Professor do Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas (RS), Brasil. uscunha@yahoo.com.br 7 Ecólogo, Esp., Coordenador Operacional, Equilíbrio Proteção Florestal, Caixa Postal 528, CEP 79602-920, Três Lagoas (MS), Brasil. elder.finkenauer@yahoo.com.br Recebido para publicação em 13/09/2011 e aceito em 30/04/2013

PREFERÊNCIA DE CORTE DE Acromyrmex crassispinus (FOREL, 1909) E Acromyrmex ambiguus (EMERY, 1887) (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) POR DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES DE EUCALIPTOS EM LABORATÓRIO

The search for new leafcutter ant management and control methods have been the aim of several studies over the country, propelled by economic and environmental aspects. The establishment of resistant or less preferred species for the cut can contribute substantially in this subject. This way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cutting preference between the species Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus globulus and hibrido de Eucalyptus urophyllaXEucalyptus grandisby Acromyrmex ambiguus and Acromyrmex crassispinus in laboratory. Therefore, leafs were offered simultaneously to six colonies of each species in bioassays with chance to choose. However, in the tests without chance to choose, only the least preferred species in the previous test were utilized. For Acromyrmex crassispinus, the species Eucalyptus camaldulensis and hibrido de Eucalyptus urophyllaX Eucalyptus grandiswere the most cutted, besides Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus dunni and Eucalyptus globuleswere less preferred. Acromyrmex ambiguusshowed similar preference pattern, adding Eucalyptus benthamiiamong the most preferred one and excluding Eucalyptus dunniifrom the least preferred.

ESCALA DIAGRAMÁTICA PARA QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA SEVERIDADE DE MANCHAS EM FOLHAS DE Eucalyptus globulus Labill. CAUSADAS POR Teratosphaeria nubilosa (Cooke) Crous & U. Braun

A mancha foliar (mancha de micosferela) causada por Teratosphaeria nubilosa tem acarretado prejuizos em plantios de eucalipto na regiao Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. A necessidade de avaliar a doenca no campo e os danos causados pela mesma, bem como a busca de formas eficientes de controle e a utilizacao de germoplasma, leva a necessidade em ter uma escala visual para quantificacao da severidade da doenca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar uma escala diagramatica com folhas jovens e com folhas adultas de Eucalyptus globulus, para avaliacao de mancha de micosferela. Para tal, as folhas coletadas em campo foram escaneadas para digitalizacao da imagem. Determinou-se a area lesionada, area foliar sadia e area total em escala RGB (Red, Green, Blue). Posteriormente, determinaram-se os niveis de severidade em funcao da distribuicao da amostra, sendo sete niveis para folhas jovens e seis para folhas adultas. Para o teste de acuidade visual e validacao da escala, as folhas foram submetidas a avaliacao da severidade, com e sem escala. Com a adocao das escalas propostas, a totalidade dos avaliadores apresentou boa acuracia, tanto para folhas jovens como para adultas com R2=0,98 e R2=0,80, respectivamente. A importância da elaboracao de escalas diagramaticas para quantificar a severidade de mancha em eucalipto deve-se ao fato de permitir a quantificacao dos sintomas de forma acurada e precisa.

Besouros cerambycidae associados a Eucalyptus spp. no município de Pinheiro Machado, RS

The objective of this study was to collect, identify and carry out a faunistic characterization of Cerambycidae occurring in a forest of Eucalyptus spp., on Sao Manoel farm, in the municipality of Pinheiro Machado, RS. In the period from February 2006 to October 2007, collections of insects were performed every 15 days, with three ethanol traps. After selection procedures, the Cerambycidae were identified based on entomological collections and specialized literature. We collected 692 insects, distributed among 29 genera and 40 species. The most abundant species were Acanthoderes jaspidea , Chlorida costata , Compsocerus barbicornis , Eburodacrys sp., Eurysthea hirta , Neoclytus curvatus and Nyssodrysina lignaria , which represented 81.17% of the total individuals. Cerambycidae were collected during practically the entire sampling period, but the largest number at a single collection occurred in the month of December. Several species demonstrate potential for damaging Eucalyptus spp., of which Neoclytus curvatus deserves the most attention, because it represented almost half of the insects collected.