Elena Vyazmina

Hydrogen jet vapor cloud explosion: A model for predicting blast size and application to risk assessment

Releases of hydrogen at elevated pressures form turbulent jets in unconfined & uncongested regions may trigger vapor cloud explosion (VCE) as well as jet fire hazards. In the case of a delayed ignition of an unconfined & uncongested jet the turbulence induced by the jet release can lead to flame speeds sufficient to produce damaging blast loads, even in the absence of confinement or congestion. The VCE hazard posed by such high‐pressure hydrogen releases is not well‐recognized.

Protective walls against effects of vapor cloud fast deflagration: CFD recommendations for design

Protective walls are a well‐known and efficient way to mitigate overpressure effects of explosions. For detonation there are multiple published investigations concerning interactions of blast waves and walls, whereas for deflagration no well‐adapted and rigorous method has been reported in the literature. This article describes the validation of a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling approach for fast deflagrations. In a first step, the vapor cloud explosion involving a fast deflagration is substituted by an equivalent vessel burst problem. The purpose of this step is to avoid reactive flow computations. In a second step, CFD is used to model the pressure propagation from the equivalent (nonreactive) vessel burst problem. After verifying the equivalence of the fast deflagration and the vessel burst problem in the first step, the ability of two CFD codes FLACS and Europlexus is examined for situations with and without barriers. Parametric analysis by means of numerical simulations is performed to investigate the efficiency of finite barriers to mitigate blast waves. Another parametric study shows how the maximum overpressure value in the shade of the barrier depends on the magnitude of the incoming overpressure wave. On this basis, several recommendations are suggested for designing protective walls.

A New Method to Assess Mitigation Efficiency of a Protective Barrier Against the Effects of a Vapor Cloud Explosion

Accidental gas explosions represent an ever-present hazard for process industries handling flammable gases and liquids. There is also an increasing danger of vandals and terrorists using improvised explosive devices in industrial areas neighboring highly populated residential areas. The consecutive pressure wave generation and propagation can result in unacceptable risk exposition of citizens and infrastructures. Therefore, it is necessary to define design rules of protective barriers mitigating the effect of blast wave.