Eleonora Guguianu

Antimicrobial controlled release systems for the knitted cotton fabrics based on natural substances

Materials with antibacterial properties, that can be used as barrier materials, hygiene products, plasters or bandages, have been obtained by applying some systems consisting of essential oils incorporated in beeswax and beeswax/chitosan. The influence of oil, wax and chitosan amounts on emultion stability has been analyzed by optical microscopy. The controlled release of essential oils of Eucalyptus (EEO), Tea Tree (TTEO) and Sage (SEO) incorporated in beeswax and beeswax/chitosan from the treated material was estimated through UV/Visible spectrophotometric analyses. The antibacterial effect of the emulsions and of the materials obtained by treating them with these emulsions have been investigated against the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Escherichia Coli ATCC 25922 bacteria. Comfort performances (air and vapor permeability and hygroscopicity) for the treated materials have also been evaluated. The best antimicrobial activity and the highest amount of essential oil released in vitro were obtained for the treatment variants that contain 7.14 % beeswax and 26.67 % essential oil, and respectively 26.67 % essential oil, 3.33 % beeswax and 3.33 % chitosan.

Characterisation of the Resistance Patterns to Non Beta-Lactam Antimicrobials in Esbl-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Dogs and Their Owners

Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes are resistant to betalactam agents and are also commonly multidrug resistant being associated with the resistance to other classes of antibiotics. The aim of our study was to characterise resistance patterns in non-beta-lactam antibiotics of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from faecal matter of pets and owners. The study was carried out on 63 samples of faecal matter (42 from pets and 21 from owners). The ESBL screening was carried out using the Brilliance ESBL Oxoid chromogenic medium. The isolated strains that generated characteristic presumptive ESBL-producing colonies were cultivated on 5% sheep blood medium for the extraction of bacterial DNA using the boiled preps technique. The confirmation of E. coli species was performed molecularly based on the detection of blauidA and blauspA genes. Other Enterobacteriaceae species were identified based on the minimum biochemical characteristics using the MIU and TSI medium. The phenotypical confirmation of presumptive ESBL-producing strains was carried out using the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) using a combination of 3rd generation cephalosporins and beta-lactamase inhibitor agents. The determination of the resistance degree in other classes of antibiotics was carried out through the Kirby-Bauer diffusimetric method, and the results were interpreted according to the CLSI standard. Following the species investigation of isolates, 60/63 (95.28%) belonged to the E. coli species and 3/63 (4.72%) to the K. pneumoniae species. Animal isolates were resistant to sulphonamides (54.76% resistance to SXT), fluoroquinolones (45.23% resistance to ENR) and tetracyclines (54.75% resistance to TE). In addition to strains of animal origin for isolates of human origin, an increased resistance has been noticed to phenicols and aminoglycosides. This study has identified a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains and associated with multidrug resistance for pets and their owners.

Red mouth disease in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) - a case report on lake trout farm from Bicaz, Romania.

Yersiniosis or red mouth disease is a contagious infectious disease of salmonids caused by the bacterium Yersinia ruckeri, which lead to significant economic losses in trout aquaculture worldwide. Sources of infection are the sick fish and asymptomatic carriers, which eliminates yersiniosis faeces, causing contamination of water and feed. Triggers the disease was in March, the surge in water temperature values of 15-170 C. The fish affected were the younger with low immune system, the sudden departure of the winter period. Histological examinations, immunohistochemical and bacteriological made from liver, spleen, kidney and blood of the trout heart yersiniosis suspects resulted in the identification of the species bacterium Yersinia ruckeri strain, confirming the suspected diagnosis based on clinical investigations (pronounced anemia of mouth and gills mucosa, dark color of skin, bleeding on the lingual mucosa, protruding eye bleeding). Bacteriological confirmation was done by identifying the causative agent, based on morphological characters (gram negative bacilli, mobile) and the distinctive biochemical characters tested using the API rapid tests. Histological examinations revealed colonies of bacteria in liver, spleen and kidneys were confirmed to be colonies of Yersinia ruckeri by immunohistochemistry with anti-Yersinia ruckeri. Antibiogram revealed sensitivity of Yersinia ruckeri at: Oxytetracycline, Flumequin, Trimethoprim and Ceftiofur, and moderate susceptibility to Amoxicillin and Enrofloxacin.