Eleuza Rodrigues Machado

Strongyloides stercoralis and other Enteroparasites in Children at Uberlândia City, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

To evaluate the rate of infection by Strongyloides stercoralis and other enteroparasites a survey was conducted in the city of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 900 stool samples from 300 children aging from four months to seven years, randomly selected in ten nursery schools from September 1994 to December 1995, were examined, both by the Baermann-Moraes and Lutz methods. Thirty nine children (13%) were found to be infected by S. stercoralis, 64.1% were boys and 35.9% were girls. Taking all the enteroparasites as a whole the results of the survey pointed out that 265 (88.4%0 of the 300 children were infected by the following: Giardia lamblia, 78.3%; Ascaris lumbricoides, 15.3%; S. stercoralis, 13%; Hymenolepis nana, 6.7%; hookworms, 6%; Enterobius vermicularis, 4%; Hymenolepis diminuta, 4% and Trichuris trichiura, 0.7%. From 265 infected children 64.5% were mono-infected, 27.2% were infected by two parasites and 8.3% had a poly-specific parasite burden. It was concluded that strongyloidiasis is hyperendemic in this area.

Enteroparasites and commensals among children in four peripheral districts of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of intestinal parasites and commensals among children in four peripheral districts located in the northern, southern, eastern and western sectors of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, using the Baermann methods as modified by Moraes and Lutz. Out of 160 individuals studied, 93 (58.1% CI: 50.4-65.7) were infected, distributed among the sectors as follows: northern (72.5%), southern (47.5%), eastern (57.5%) and western (55%). The positive findings according to age groups were: 0-5 years (26.9%), 5-10 years (21.2%) and 10-15 years (10%). Male children presented 2.7 times higher risk of infection than females did (OR: 2.7; CI: 1052-7001). The parasites and commensals identified were: Giardia lamblia (27.5%), Entamoeba coli (20.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (14.4%), Enterobius vermicularis (8.8%), Hymenolepis nana (7.5%), Hymenolepis diminuta (5%), hookworms (3.1%), Trichuris trichiura (2.5%), Endolimax nana (2.5%), Entamoeba hartmanni (2.5%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.3%), Iodamoeba butschlii (1.3%) and Capillaria hepatica (0.6%). The infection rate in these children was high and showed the need to implement prophylactic education programs in the community.

Parasitological and immunological diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

This study examined the frequency of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in patients with gastrointestinal cancer through parasitological and immunological tests. A total of 77 patients were evaluated, 33 with gastrointestinal cancer and 44 controls with other types of cancers. All the patients were undergoing chemotherapy and 14 (18.2%) were receiving concomitant radiotherapy. For a parasitological diagnosis, we applied the Baermann and Lutz methods. The immunological diagnosis involved the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect IgG antibodies using Strongyloides ratti antigens. The frequency of positive S. stercoralis in gastrointestinal cancer diagnosed by parasitological methods was 3 cases (9.1%), by serology it was 8 cases (24.2%). In the control group 1 case (2.3%) of S. stercoralis was diagnosed by parasitological methods and 2 cases (4.5%) by immunological tests (p<0.05). Patients with gastrointestinal cancer had a 6.7-fold greater chance of testing positive for S. stercoralis infection. Our data highlight the importance of parasitological and immunological diagnosis for S. stercoralis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer living in endemic areas of strongyloidiasis, since they have a higher risk of becoming infected with S. stercoralis than patients with other types of cancer.

Anti-Taenia solium metacestodes antibodies in serum from blood donors from four cities of Triângulo Mineiro area, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 1995

Serological survey was performed to detect IgG antibodies anti-Taenia solium metacestodes in blood donors of Hemocentro Regional de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 1133 sera from blood donors coming from four cities of Triângulo Mineiro area were analyzed by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific IgG antibodies were found in 5.6% of the studied population, showing differences in the positive rates according to their origin: Araguari (13.5%), Tupaciguara (5.0%), Monte Alegre de Minas (4.8%) and Uberlândia (4.7%). The results indicate the probable endemicity of cysticercosis in this population.

Dexamethasone Effects in the Strongyloides venezuelensis Infection in A Murine Model

The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of glucocorticoids on the immune response to Strongyloides venezuelensis in mice. Balb/c mice were infected with S. venezuelensis and treated with Dexamethasone (Dexa) or vehicle. Dexa treatment increased circulating blood neutrophil numbers and inhibited eosinophil and mononuclear cell accumulation in the blood, bronchoalveolar, and peritoneal fluid compared with control animals. Moreover, Dexa decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-12 production in the lungs and circulating immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgE antibody levels while increasing the overall parasite burden in the feces and intestine. Dexa treatment enhanced the fertility of female nematodes relative to untreated and infected mice. In summary, the alterations in the immune response induced by Dexa resulted in a blunted, aberrant immune response associated with increased parasite burden. This phenomenon is similar to that observed in S. stercoralis-infected humans who are taking immunosuppressive or antiinflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids.

Enteroparasites and commensals among individuals living in rural and urban areas in Abadia dos Dourados, Minas Gerais state, Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the enteroparasite and commensal occurrence in inhabitants living in the city of Abadia dos Dourados, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Three hundred and seventy six people were selected at random, 188 living in the rural area and 188 living in the urban area, from January through December of 1996. Using the Lutz method 177 (47.1%) individuals infected: 102 (57.6%) in the rural population and 75 (39.9%) in the urban population (P < 0.05). Of the total 177 enteroparasite and commensal occurrences diagnosed were: Entamoeba coli (18.3%), hookworm (17.8%), Endolimax nana (6.1%), Giardia lamblia (5.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (2.6%), Entamoeba hartmanni (2.1%), Iodamoeba butschlii (1.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (1.3%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.5%), and Trichostrongylus sp (0.5%). Geohelminths were predominant in the rural area, with an occurrence of hookworm infections at 28.2% in these individuals and 7.4% in the urban people (OR: 14.33 CI: 6.230 to 32.970). The infection rate of enteroparasites was high in the population studied. In conclusion, it is necessary to implement regular parasitological exams and education about the forms and consequences of transmitting parasites, primarily among people living in the rural area.

Immunoparasitological diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis in garbage collectors in Uberlândia, MQ Brazil

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the presence of Strongyloides stercoralis in urbangarbage collectors through the use of immunological and parasitological methods. A total of 92individuals were evaluated from August, 1997, to June, 1998. For the parasitological diagnosisBaermann and Lutz’ methods were applied. The immunological diagnosis involved the indirectfluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detectspecific IgG antibodies. Of the 92 workers examined, six (6.5%) were infected with larvae of S.stercoralis . The IFAT detected 19 (16.3%) and the ELISA 17 (18.5%) positive serum samples. Thedifferences between the results of parasitological and immunological methods were statisticallysignificant (p<0.05). These results demonstrate that there is a need to improve the health conditionsof this category of city employees. Key words: Strongyloides stercoralis , Garbage collectors, Intestinal parasites, Brazil. INTRODUCTIONStrongyloidiosis is caused by a geohelminth,

Hyperinfection Syndrome in Strongyloidiasis

Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal parasitosis found in tropical and subtropical areas, where the warm climates are suitable for parasite survival (Barr, 1978). It is a common cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries, and infects over one-quarter of the world’s population (Genta, 1989). Approximately 52 species are known to infect mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians (Speare, 1989). The most common globally distributed human pathogen of clinical importance is Strongyloides stercoralis (Schad, 1989). Another species, Strongyloides fuelleborni, is a zoonotic parasite that infects primates and is found sporadically in humans in Africa (Pampiglione & Ricciardi, 1972). S. stercoralis is a ubiquitous soil-transmitted intestinal nematode that was first reported in 1876 in French soldiers working in Vietnam. It is unique among helminths in that it completes its life cycle inside a single human host. A unique feature of strongyloidiasis is the ability of the parasite to autoinfect the host, which makes S. stercoralis a significant public health problem (Grove, 1989).

Perfil endoparasitário de estudantes do ensino fundamental de escola pública em Ceilândia-DF: relações com o consumo de hortaliças e pescado

A resposta imune das aves pode ser dividida em resposta imune inata, que representa a primeira linha de defesa de um organismo apos o rompimento das barreiras fisicas, quimicas e biologicas iniciais, e a resposta imune adaptativa, humoral e celular. O sistema imune das aves tem despertado o interesse de pesquisa devido a diversas razoes, entre elas o surgimento de novas pandemias relacionadas ao virus da gripe aviaria. As aves sao animais migratorios e podem ser o reservatorio para diversos patogenos, por isso, a compreensao dos mecanismos de acao do sistema imune das aves pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias de imunizacao, prevencao e controle destas pandemias. Alem disso, os estudos sobre a producao e purificacao de anticorpos policlonais especifico da classe IgY em aves tem permitido o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e alternativas na prevencao e tratamento de doencas infecciosas e cronicas em humanos e animais.As enteroparasitoses constituem um dos grandes problemas de saude publica em nosso meio e atingem especialmente as criancas. Neste estudo, estabeleceu-se a o-correncia de enteroparasitoses entre alunos de um Centro Educacional da cidade de Aguas Lindas de Goias, GO., e os fatores de risco relacionados. Foram investigados 62 individuos com idades entre 4 a 12 anos. As amostras de fezes foram analisadas pelos metodos de Sedimentacao Espontânea e Ritchie. Em 61% das amostras foram detectadas formas de comensais ou parasitos: Entamoeba coli (52%), Giardia lamblia (24%), Endolimax nana (6%), Entamoeba hartmanni, Hymenolepis nana e Taenia sp (4%) cada, Ascaris lumbricoides, Iodamoeba butschlii, e uma ameba de vida livre (2%) das amostras, para cada especie. A elevada prevalencia de enteroparasitoses e o relato de fatores de risco entre os habitos domesticos dos estudantes apontam para a necessidade de medidas preventivas e educativas na comunidade estudada.

Diabetes mellitus tipo II (DMII): importância da educação em saúde na adesão ao tratamento

This Revisao apresenta um Historica sobre o virus influenza, patogeno de inumeras epidemias e pandemias, o SUAS Mutacoes geneticas ATE o influenza A H1N1. O virus H1N1 afeta Suinos, causando Doenca Respiratoria sas animais e Sendo Capaz de infectar o Homem POR Contato Next. Tem genes de Suinos, Aves e Do Homem, Sendo, portanto UMA variante Capaz de provocar uma Infeccao inter-Humanos. E o Responsavel Pela pandemia iniciada ha Mexico los Marco de 2009 e espalhada ao Mundo, inclusive no brasil. DESTA forma, como Campanhas devem Agustinianos UMA forma Mais Claro de Combate AO gripe paragrafo Que POSSA atingir o Maximo de Pessoas Possivel