Eli Peled

Melatonin effect on seizures in children with severe neurologic deficit disorders.

Summary:  Purpose: Recently, melatonin has been associated with antiepileptic activity, most probably because of its antioxidant activity as a free radical scavenger. This study aimed to expand the clinical experience with melatonin as an antiepileptic drug (AED) in humans.

Treatment of Graf’s Ultrasound Class III and IV Hips Using Pavlik’s Method

AbstractWhen Pavlik introduced his method of treating congenital dislocation of the hip, he emphasized reducing the rate of osteonecrosis. Graf’s method of sonographic evaluation afforded earlier accurate diagnosis and subsequent treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip. To ascertain whether treatment duration, gender, age at diagnosis, clinical stability, and/or treatment onset correlate with the risk of osteonecrosis in Graf Type III or IV hips, we clinically and sonographically screened 18,067 neonates (36,134 hips) for developmental dysplasia of the hip over a 4-year period; 151 had Graf Type III or IV hips, and 78 of these were treated by us and had known outcomes. Of these 78 hips, 65 (0.18%) had Graf Type III and 13 (0.036%) had Graf Type IV hips. Sixteen of the 65 Type III hips (25%) reduced spontaneously. Using Pavlik’s method, reduction was achieved in 46 of 65 (88.5%) Type III hips and eight of 13 Type IV hips. None of the hips treated exclusively by Pavlik’s method developed osteonecrosis. Thus, the method achieves one of Pavlik’s original goals of decreasing osteonecrosis incidence to close to zero. Level of Evidence: Level II, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Neonatal incidence of hip dysplasia: ten years of experience.

AbstractThe advantages of sonographic examination are well known, but its main disadvantage is that it might lead to overdiagnosis, which might cause overtreatment. Variations in the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip are well known. We ascertained the incidence of neonatal sonographic developmental dysplasia of the hip without considering the development of those joints during followup. All 45,497 neonates (90,994 hips) born in our institute between January 1992 and December 2001 were examined clinically and sonographically during the first 48 hours of life. Sonography was performed according to Graf’s method, which considers mild hip sonographic abnormalities as Type IIa. We evaluated the different severity type incidence pattern and its influence on the total incidence during and between the investigated years. According to our study, sonographic Type IIa has major effects on the incidence of overall developmental dysplasia of the hip with a correlation coefficient of 0.95, whereas more severe sonographic abnormalities show relatively stable incidence patterns. Level of Evidence: Level I, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Association of Elevated Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome with Patient Age rather than with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Severity

Background: Although certain studies report high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), the effect of systemic hypoxia on circulating VEGF remains controversial. Objectives: To study the association of serum VEGF and OSAS in a large group of patients. Methods: One hundred patients with OSAS (mean age 58.1 ± 12.4 years, mean body mass index 30.6 ± 5.4 kg/m2) were tested for serum VEGF levels, and the findings were correlated with the severity of OSAS, as determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) on the basis of polysomnography and background data. Results: The mean AHI was 40.0 ± 21.2 (range 10–106). Mean minimal oxygen saturation was 80.6 ± 11.7% (range 43–98%) and mean time of oxygen saturation under 90% was 50.0 ± 75.0 min (range 0–300 min). The mean VEGF level was 445.2 ± 289.8 pg/ml in the study group (vs. 280 pg/ml reported in normal controls). The mean platelet count was 233.8 ± 64.4 103/ml and the mean VEGF/platelet ratio was 1.95 ± 1.40 pg/106. There was no association of VEGF or VEGF/platelets with the severity of OSAS. However, both factors showed a significant correlation with patient age (r = 0.224, p = 0.01 and r = 0.425, p = 0.01, respectively). Age was the only parameter to significantly predict VEGF and VEGF/platelets on multivariate analysis (R2 = 0.713, p = 0.001 and R2 = 0.844, p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The elevation of serum VEGF in OSAS is not associated with the severity of the disease, but it is associated with patient age. VEGF might be involved in the long-term adaptive mechanism in OSAS, and its age-dependent increase might partly explain the reduced mortality in elderly OSAS patients.

Antibiotic impregnated cement spacer for salvage of diabetic osteomyelitis.

Background: Florid infection and osteomyelitis of the forefoot in patients with diabetic neuropathy often requires minor amputation, with risk of subsequent reulceration, reamputation, and patient dissatisfaction. We investigated use of an antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer (ACS) to release antibiotic locally to resolve residual infection and to fill the cavity created by debridement. Methods: We report 23 cases of osteomyelitis and associated severe infection of forefoot joints in 20 consecutive patients, age 60.3 ± 13.4 years. Antibiotic-impregnated cement, extensive meticulous debridement, and ACS placement to fill the gap were employed in all cases. Deep cultures were taken routinely. Fixation with Kirschner wires was used as necessary. Mean followup was 21.2 ± 10.2 months. A successful result was resolution of infection and wound healing to full skin closure without amputation. Results: Of 23 cases, 21 (91.3%) healed and two required toe amputation. ACS was left permanently in 10 patients, removed with arthrodesis in six, and removed without arthrodesis in five. One patient recovered but subsequently underwent transtibial amputation due to infection of a different site. Conclusion: Severe infection associated with osteomyelitis of the foot in diabetic patients was successfully treated with extensive debridement and use of ACS, which filled the void created by debridement. Amputation was avoided in most patients. This procedure allowed extensive debridement through filling large voids with ACS, with prolonged antibiotic release. Level of Evidence: IV; Retrospective Case Series

Patients Aged 80 and Older Undergoing Orthopedic or Urologic Surgery: A Prospective Study Focusing on Perioperative Morbidity and Mortality

Background: The population is progressively aging and an increasing number of elderly patients face surgical treatment. Objective: The current study was designed to examine the perioperative morbidity and mortality of elderly patients undergoing orthopedic or urologic surgery and look for predictors for adverse outcome. Methods: This is a prospective study of elderly patients, 80 years of age and older, who underwent elective or emergent orthopedic or urologic surgery in our institution during a 5-month period. Data were collected on age, gender, chronic diseases, number of regular medications, whether or not the patient was bedridden before surgery, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, type of surgery and anesthesia, duration of hospitalization, and 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality. We studied correlations between pre- and intraoperative parameters and postoperative complications. Results: During the study period, 39 patients underwent urologic surgery and 147 patients underwent orthopedic surgery. Age ranged from 80 to 98 years (85 ± 4.2 years, mean ± SD). One patient had an intraoperative complication, 5 patients had postoperative complications within 1 day of surgery, and 23 had complications within 1 month of surgery. Five (2.7%) patients, all of whom were operated urgently, died after surgery. Postoperative complications correlated significantly to poor ASA class (p = 0.01), urgency of the procedure (p = 0.03), and extent (p = 0.02) and duration (p = 0.01) of surgery. No significant correlation was found between outcome and any other pre- or intraoperative factors. Conclusions: Elderly surgical patients with poor ASA class or following urgent, extensive or long surgery are at a higher risk for postoperative morbidity and mortality, mandating special perioperative care.

Use of a new exsanguination tourniquet in internal fixation of distal radius fractures.

We describe our experience using a new device that results in a bloodless field in open repair of distal radius fractures. The device, an exsanguinating tourniquet (HemaClear model/40, OHK Medical Devices, Haifa, Israel), replaces the traditional methods of limb elevation, Esmarch bandaging, pneumatic tourniquet pressurizing and the associated components. HemaClear/40 is an elastic silicon ring with a tubular elastic sleeve rolled onto it. The device has attached straps that, when pulled, unroll the sleeve, rolling the ring mesially on the limb. The pressure exerted by rolling HemaClear/40 is supra-systolic thereby exsanguinating the limb and occluding the arterial inflow. Our experience in 49 patients demonstrated quick application, superior exsanguination and that the device could be placed on the forearm instead of the upper arm. No side effects or complications were noted. In our opinion, the fact that HemaClear/40 is a sterile, single-patient device makes it superior over the traditional technology.

Intraosseous conduit-induced enhancement of ingrowth of blood vessels into the necrotic femoral head of rats

Following severance of the blood supply to the left femoral head of 6-month-old rats by incising the periosteum of the neck and cutting the ligamentum teres, a 21-gauge needle, inserted into the foveola, was pushed forward in the direction of the neck up to the opposite cortical bone. Femora were obtained for histological examination on postoperative days 32 and 42, from 22 and 12 rats, respectively. The right femoral heads were normal. In addition to the usual reparative and regressive changes characteristic of the second month after induction of osteonecrosis, the left femoral heads showed, compared to the femoral heads of otherwise untreated rats, lavish ingrowth of blood vessels and proliferation of mesenchymal cells. Moreover, 16 of the 34 femoral heads disclosed additional distinctive lesions, namely, partial fibrous replacement, surface depression, intraosseous tunneling, and subtotal destruction of the epiphysis. The results of this experiment, an attempt at modeling core decompresssion in man, parallel the frequently reported unsatisfactory outcome of the procedure in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. They as well indicate that any therapeutic effects of producing an epiphyseal-metaphyseal conduit for the ingrowth of vessels and cells may only be achieved at the cost of a reduction in the mechanical load-bearing capacity of the femoral head.

Short and long-term usage of a dental device in sleep apnea syndrome.

To assess the efficacy, the compliance, and the complications of the anterior mandibular positioning (AMP) device in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) patients.

Core decompression and alendronate treatment of the osteonecrotic rat femoral head: computer-assisted analysis

Femoral head avascular necrosis is a process leading to femoral head deformity and osteoarthritic changes in the hip joint. Alendronate slows down bone resorption and remodelling in rats, while core decompression hastens the healing processes. We evaluated the influence of daily alendronate treatment on the rat femoral head shape after surgical osteonecrosis with core decompression, compared with controls. No differences were found in shape factor and femoral head height/length ratios. It was concluded that alendronate treatment slows down the process of replacing osteonecrotic bone by new bone and prevents early immature new bone collapse resulting from early revascularization because of core decompression.