Eliane Maria Vieira Milward-de-Azevedo

Associação entre larvas de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) e Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) e Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Calliphoridae, Diptera) sob condições de laboratório

This paper intends to recognize some aspects of interspecific relationships between Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and C. albiceps (Wiedemann) and between C. megacephala and Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) larvae in laboratory. A diet consisting of decomposing horse flesh was used, and the relation of 1 larva/g diet was established. The development of the two species was done in pure and associated cultures. The association with Chrysomya albiceps influenced the post-embrionary development period and the weight of mature larvae of the C. megacephala, reducing their. Such weight decrease, along with the predation of larvae of C. megacephala larvae, yelded a decrease in survival in all of the stages. Larvae of this species showed an increase in its weight when associated with Cochliomyia macellaria. The native species responded to the association by reducing its body weigth and its viability. This association doesnt influence the duration of post-embrionary development.

Estudo comparado do desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) em duas dietas à base de carne, em laboratório

The influence of a diet based on putrid horse meat over the post-embryonic development of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) under controlled conditions (UR 65 10% and 14 hours of photophase) was compared with the results obtained using a meat broth diet to which other sources of animal and vegetable protein were added. The flies were maintained at 30oC, from egg until mature larvae spontaneously abandoned the diet. They were then transfered to a climatized chamber at 27oC. The larvae and pupae viability and the weight of the mature larvae were significantly inferior, when a diet based on meat broth was used, even though the larvae period was significantly increased with this diet. This type of diet did not charge the time of development of the pupae. The inoculation of the egg mass directly over the diet was recommend, instead of the technique in which the egg masses are transfered to humid filter paper, followed by the handling of the recently ecloded larvae.

Associações entre larvas de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) e Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) em condições experimentais

This paper has the purpose of studying the interspecif relationships of larvae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) and Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) in laboratory. The experiments were conducted on climatized chamber set at 30oC, 60+10% UR and 14h photophase. The relation of 1 larva/g diet was established. The association influence of post-embrionary development duration of both species. The association with Chrysomya albiceps influenced the weight of mature larvae of Cochliomyiia macellaria. reducing it significantly. Such weight decrease, along with the predation of larvae of C. macellaria larvae, yielded a decrease in survival in all of the stages.

DESENVOLVIMENTO POS-EMBRIONARIO DE Cochliomyia macellaria (FABRICIUS) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) CRIADA EM DIETAS NATURAIS PROCESSADAS EM CONDIÇÕES CONTROLADAS

POST-EMBRYONARY DEVELOPMENT OF Cochliomyia macellaria (FABRICIUS) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) REARED ON NATURAL DIETS PROCESSED IN CONTROLLED CONDITIONS. The performance of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) immature forms was evaluated in experimental conditions. Larvae were reared on equine meat and of sardine diets stored in an oven at 30 °C for different periods of time. Fresh diets lots were first stored in a freezer (- 15 °C) and transferred to a refrigerator for 24 hours. Portions of the equine meat and of the sardine were then sucessively stored at 30 °C for 96, 72, 48 and two hours, and, 72, 48, 24 and two hours, respectively. One sample was caracterized by the maintence of the diet in refrigerator, among 11 days, when red meat was utilized. One-hundred g diet in 4 replications/ treatment and 2 g diet per 1 larva ratio were used. The postfeeding larvae were separated and weighed individually. The rate of postembryonic development was not homogenously affected by previous storage of the diet at 30 °C, using horse meat. An expressive percentual of postfeeding larvae obtained from the substrates processed for 48 and 96 hours weighed less than 60,0 mg. The emergence of adults stayed between 73 e 97%. The rate of postembryonic development was reduced when the sardine diet was used previously maintened at 30°C for 72 hours. The postfeeding larvae obtained from the substrates processed, in this temperature, for two, 24 e 48 hours weighed between 57,0 and 65,0 mg. The mean weight of specimens from the remaining treatment was significantly lower (50,0 mg). The rate of immature forms survival ranged from 68 - 88 %

Desempenho reprodutivo de Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) em pupas crioconservadas de Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae): avaliação preliminar

The reproductive performance of Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was evaluated on pupae of Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae) kept at -20oC, during 77 days, with and no previous passage for liquid nitrogen (NL) by one, three and 15 minutes. Control groups were characterized for fresh pupae hosts. There was one pupa for each parasitoid. The sample of fresh pupae exhibited average of 15 emergent parasitoids / pupa while pupae stored directly at freezer (-20oC) presented an average of 10 emergent parasitoids / pupa. In the samples exposed at one, three and 15 minutes in NL, accentuated decrease was observed on emergent hymenopterans reproductive performance (: 6.1; 5.5 and 5.7 respectively). The dissection of pupae revealed a large number of immature pteromalid in the groups with liquid nitrogen passage and farate adults in all the groups.

Natural diets to rear Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819; Diptera: Calliphoridae): a comparative study

The objective of the present study was to observe the postembryonic development of Chrysomya albiceps reared on sardines or horse meat and to compare the results. Fresh substratos were maintened m an oven ai 30°C for 2 hours. Fifty newly emerged larvas were inoculated into 100g diel per reptication. Four replications per treatment were used. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions. The mean weight of postfeeding larvas was 91.19mg for especimens reared on horse meat and 76.01mg for especimens reared on sardines, with a marked difference between diets. Larval viability was more than 80% for the two diets, while pupal viability was dose to 100%. The sex ratio was about 0.5. The horse meat diet proved to be more adequate for the development of C. albiceps since the larvas weighed more, with consequent potentiations of adult reproductive abilily.

Longevity of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) parasitized by Habronema muscae Carter (Nematoda: Habronematidae)

The present work had as objective to evidence the influence of the parasite Habronema muscae on the Musca domestica longevity. Muscids larvae belonging to second generation, with aproximately 30 h old, were submitted to infection in artificial diet, in which were inoculated H. muscae eggs, obtained from maceration of female helminths. The muscid larvae and pupae were mantained in artificial chamber at 27o C, 60 ± 10% RH and 14 h of photophase. After emergence, the adults were distributed in screen cages, The number of dead muscids were conferred daily, with posterior dissection and ratification of infective nematode larvae. The mean intensity of infection was 3.11 infective larvae per muscid (range: 0-14) in the infected group. The infected group showed a significative reduction on mean longevity, when compared with the control (25.0 and 32.5 days, respectively). There was no difference between mean longevity from male and female dipterous.

Aspectos da biologia da reprodução e longevidade de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae), em condições experimentais. I. casais agrupados

In the present study we estimed the longevity and reproductive potential of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775), in different densities of grouped pairs, as a function of time of collection. The study was divided into two phases and conducted in an incubator regulated at 27oC, 65±10% RH and 14 hours photoperiod. Forty and 20 pairs/replication were used, corresponding to the third and fourth generation originating from a laboratory colony. Egg masses were collected at 8:00 and 17:00 hours daily. The results obtained were influenced by the variables established. The ovipositing peak occurred 20 days after the emergence of females belonging to the third generation. This peak occurred earlier in fourth generation females, i.e., 11 days after imago emergence. These peaks corresponded to a total of 0,30 and 0,23g of egg masses, respectively. The survival curves for adults were estimated by the Weibull method.

Estudo comparado do desenvolvimento de dois morfotipos larvais de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae)

The possible dissimilitudes relating to the duration of the egg incubation period and larval stage of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fab., 1775) from offsprings of females from larvae with and without pigmentation on Malpighi tubules, morphotype 1 and 2, respectively, was questioned. The experiment was conducted in climatized chamber regulated at 30oC, 65±10% RH and 14 hour photophase. No significant difference was observed on average duration of first and second larval instars berween the two morphotypes, taking into account not only the conventional interpretation for the reading of different development phases of the larval stages (morphotype 1:11.0 and 11.9 hours and morphotype 2:11.7 and 12.7 hours for first and second instars, respectively), but also the reading made through the interpretation preconized by Snodgrass & Hinton (morphotype 1:10.3 and 9.6 hours and morphotype 2:9.8 and 10.8 hours for the first and second instars, respectively). The incubation period was significantly longer for eggs posited by females from non-pigmented larvae.

CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE DE IMATUROS DE Cochliomyia macellaria (FABRICIUS) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) EM ESTOQUES

QUALITY CONTROL OF Cochliomyia macellaria (FABRICIUS) (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) IMATURES IN COLONY Quality control of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae and pupae in colony was observed during eight consecutive generations. A diet consisting of decomposing horse flesh was used, and the relation of 0.02 g egg mass/ 200 g diet was established. The larval and pupal viability at 27 oC and 30 oC temperature, 65 ± 10% UR and 14 h photofase, respectively, were greater than 80%. The egg to pupae period and the body mass of postfeeding larvae variation were 4.7-7.0 days and 59.40-70.30 mg, respectively. The emergence ocurred 8.0-12.0 days after the neolarvae innoculation in diet. The study has not show a linear relation between the analised characteristic and monitored generations