Elias Strauss

OBSERVATIONS ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PNEUMOCOCCI TO SULFAPYRIDINE, SULFATHIAZOLE AND SULFAMETHYLTHIAZOLE

Excerpt Strains of pneumococci have been shown to vary in their susceptibility to the action of the same sulfonamide drugs both in vitro1-4and in therapeutic experiments in vivo.1, 5These differenc...

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ABSORPTION, EXCRETION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SULFANILAMIDE, SULFAPYRIDINE, SULFATHIAZOLE AND SULFAMETHYLTHIAZOLE

Excerpt In a previous paper,1Taylor and his associates reported the results of studies on the absorption and excretion of sulfanilamide and sulfapyridine after administration of a single dose by va...

TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCOCCIC PNEUMONIAS WITH SULFAPYRIDINE, SULFATHIAZOLE AND SERUM; ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF SPECIFIC THERAPY AT THE BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL FROM JULY 1939 THROUGH JUNE 1940

Excerpt The present report deals with the results of specific therapy in the pneumococcic pneumonias of adults at the Boston City Hospital during the second year in which effective chemicals were a...

ANTIBODY RESPONSE OF PATIENTS WITH PNEUMOCOCCIC PNEUMONIA TREATED WITH SULFADIAZINE AND SULFATHIAZOLE

Excerpt The results of immunological studies of a large number of patients with pneumococcic pneumonia treated with sulfapyridine were reported recently from this laboratory.1As far as could be det...

Studies On Q Fever Persistence of Complement-Fixing Antibodies After Naturally Acquired Infection.

Summary Complement-fixation tests using an antigen of R. burneti (American Nine Mile) were performed on sera from a group of persons known to have had Q fever in 1946 in Amarillo, Texas. High titers of complement-fixing antibodies were demonstrated 17 months after illness.

Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Action of Sulfadiazine in Vitro on Gram-Negative Bacteria

Summary When small inocula are planted in a semi-synthetic medium, sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole are bactericidal in concentrations as low as 1 or 2 mg % on E. coli, Shigella paradysenteriae (Flexner) and S. choleraesuis (suipestifer); and in 5 mg % on S. enteritides, S. schottmülleri and S. typhimurium (aertrycke). In the latter concentration they are bacteriostatic for S. paratyphi and in 10 mg % they are bactericidal for Klebsiella pneumoniae, type A.

Studies on Q Fever : Complement-Fixing Antibodies in Meat Packers at Fort Worth, Texas.

Summary Complement-fixation tests employing an egg-yolk sac antigen of R. burneti (American Nine Mile strain) were performed on sera from 1,433 packinghouse workers at Fort Worth, Texas. Evidences of previous infection with R. burneti were obtained. Antibody titers of 8 or more were found in 8.0%, 16 or more in 5.6%, 32 or more in 2.2%, and 64 or more in 1.2%.

In vitro observations of the mode of action of streptomycin.

Summary 1. Streptomycin in bacteriostatic concentrations produced morphological changes in some Gram-negative bacilli but not in others. Gram-positive cocci were only slightly affected, and Gram-positive bacilli were not affected, 2. Streptomycin was bactericidal for E. coli in the resting state, the effect being related both to the size of the inoculum and the concentration of the antibiotic. 3. Strains of E. coli resistant to streptomycin under conditions, permitting growth were also resistant in the resting state, but exposure of susceptible strains to streptomycin in the resting state did not result in increased resistance. 4. No stimulation of the rate of growth of K. pneumoniae was observed in vitro by subinhibitory concentrations of streptomycin.

Use of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid to Inhibit Sulfonamide Action in Bactericidal Tests

Conclusions P-aminobenzoic acid inhibits the antibacterial action of sulfathiazole but has no effect on pneumococcidal antibodies in fresh defibrinated blood.

Selective Inhibition of Sulfonamide Drugs by Various Media

Summary Sulfathiazole and sulfadiazine are inhibited to varying degrees in different media. In blood broth sulfadiazine is selectively inhibited to a greater degree than sulfathiazole. In human serum sulfathiazole is inhibited to a greater degree than it is in blood broth, in human plasma, in defibrinated blood or in horse serum, while sulfadiazine is inhibited to about the same extent in these media. In liver infusion medium sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole are equally effective in a concentration of 5 mg % but sulfathiazole is more effective in lower concentrations. The possible error of attempting to compare therapeutic efficacy of different sulfonamides on the basis of the results of in vitro tests is discussed and the importance of the proper selection of media for the performance of in vitro tests of sulfonamide drugs is emphasized.