Elisa Carvalho de Siqueira

Cell phone use and parotid salivary gland alterations: no molecular evidence

Background: The association between cell phone use and the development of parotid tumors is controversial. Because there is unequivocal evidence that the microenvironment is important for tumor formation, we investigated in the parotid glands whether cell phone use alters the expression of gene products related to cellular stress. Methods: We used the saliva produced by the parotid glands of 62 individuals to assess molecular alterations compatible with cellular stress, comparing the saliva from the gland exposed to cell phone radiation (ipsilateral) to the saliva from the opposite, unexposed parotid gland (contralateral) of each individual. We compared salivary flow, total protein concentration, p53, p21, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and salivary levels of glutathione (GSH), heat shock proteins 27 and 70, and IgA between the ipsilateral and contralateral parotids. Results: No difference was found for any of these parameters, even when grouping individuals by period of cell phone use in years or by monthly average calls in minutes. Conclusion and Impact: We provide molecular evidence that the exposure of parotid glands to cell phone use does not alter parotid salivary flow, protein concentration, or levels of proteins of genes that are directly or indirectly affected by heat-induced cellular stress. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1428–31. ©2014 AACR.

Cell phone use is associated with an inflammatory cytokine profile of parotid gland saliva

BACKGROUND There is controversy on the effects of the non-ionizing radiation emitted by cell phones on cellular processes and the impact of such radiation exposure on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cell phone use alters cytokine expression in the saliva produced by the parotid glands. METHODS Cytokine expression profile was determined by enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) in the saliva produced by the parotid glands in healthy volunteers, and correlated with self-reported cell phone use and laterality. RESULTS The following parameters were determined, in 83 Brazilian individuals in saliva produced by the parotid glands comparing the saliva from the gland exposed to cell phone radiation (ipsilateral) to that from the contralateral parotid: salivary flow, total protein concentration, interleukin 1 β (IL-1 β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) salivary levels by ELISA. After multiple testing correction, decreased IL-10 and increased IL-1β salivary levels in the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side (P < 0.05) were detected. Subjects who used cell phones for more than 10 years presented higher differences between IL-10 levels in ipsilateral versus contralateral parotids (P = 0.0012). No difference was observed in any of the tested parameters in correlation with cell phone monthly usage in minutes. CONCLUSION The exposure of parotid glands to cell phones can alter salivary IL-10 and IL-1β levels, consistent with a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that may be related to heat production.

Does cell phone use increase the chances of parotid gland tumor development? A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Prior epidemiological studies had examined the association between cell phone use and the development of tumors in the parotid glands. However, there is no consensus about the question of whether cell phone use is associated with increased risk of tumors in the parotid glands. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the existing literature about the mean question and to determine their statistical significance. METHODS Primary association studies. Papers that associated cell phone use and parotid gland tumors development were included, with no restrictions regarding publication date, language, and place of publication. Systematic literature search using PubMed, SciELO and Embase followed by meta-analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Initial screening included 37 articles, and three were included in meta-analysis. Using three independent samples including 5087 subjects from retrospective case-control studies, cell phone use seems to be associated with greater odds (1.28, 95%- confidence interval: 1.09-1.51) to develop salivary gland tumor. Results should be read with caution due to the limited number of studies available and their retrospective design.

Hsp27 (HSPB1) differential expression in normal salivary glands and pleomorphic adenomas and association with an increased Bcl2/Bax ratio.

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland neoplasm. The Hsp27 (HSPB1) is an antiapoptotic protein whose synthesis follows cytotoxic stresses and result in a transient increase in tolerance to subsequent cell injury. Although Hsp27 is expressed in a range of normal tissues and neoplasms, a wide variation in its expression exists among different cells and tissues types. In certain tumours of glandular origin (such as oesophageal adenocarcinomas), the level of Hsp27 is decreased. In the present study, Hsp27 protein levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a set of 18 fresh PA and 12 normal salivary gland samples. In addition, we tested if Hsp27 protein levels correlated with p53 expression and cell proliferation index, as well as with the transcriptional levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and Caspase 3 in PA. We further tested the association between Hsp27 expression and PA tumour size. While all normal salivary gland samples expressed Hsp27 protein, only half of the PA samples expressed it, resulting in a reduced expression of Hsp27 in PA when compared with normal salivary glands (P = 0.003). The expression levels of this protein correlated positively with a higher messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) ratio of Bcl2/Bax (R = 0.631; P = 0.01). In conclusion, a decreased Hsp27 protein expression level in PA was found. In addition, Hsp27 levels correlated positively with the Bcl2/Bax mRNA ratio, suggesting an antiapoptotic effect.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the retromolar region of mandible: a case report and literature review

and “mouth” [title/abstract], or “oral cavity” [title/abstract], or “oral mucosa” [title/abstract], or “mandible” [title/abstract], or “maxilla” [title/abstract] and 33 case studies in mouth were included in our review. Gingival site (maxilla and mandible) was the most common (13 cases). On the other hand, only one case occurred in retromolar region further this current case (Table 1).

Abstract 4067: Cell phone use is associated with an inflammatory cytokine profile of parotid gland saliva

There is controversy on the effects of the non-ionizing radiation emitted by cell phones on cellular processes and the impact of such radiation exposure on health. Conflicting results were reported on the association between cell phone use and parotid tumor development. Chronic inflammation is associated with an increased risk for cancer, such as seen in ulcerative colitis. To evaluate the effect that cell phone use has on the parotid gland, cytokine expression profile was determined in the saliva produced by the parotid glands in healthy volunteers, and correlated with self-reported cell phone use and laterality. The following parameters were determined, in 83 Brazilian individuals in saliva produced by the parotid glands comparing the saliva from the gland exposed to cell phone radiation (ipsilateral) to that from the contralateral parotid: salivary flow, total protein concentration, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α by ELISA. After multiple testing correction, decreased IL-10 and increased IL-1β salivary levels in the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side (p Supported by: FAPEMIG (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa de Minas Gerais), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) and CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior), Brazil Citation Format: Ricardo S. Gomez, Elisa C. Siqueira, Fabricio Tinoco A. Souza, Efigenia F. Ferreira, Renan P. Souza, Eitan Friedman, Marcus V. Gomez, Carolina C. Gomes. Cell phone use is associated with an inflammatory cytokine profile of parotid gland saliva. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4067.

Abstract 3297: Cell phone use and cytokines expression in saliva of the parotid glands

The association between cell phone use and the development of parotid tumors is controversial. Because there is unequivocal evidence that the microenvironment is important for tumor formation, we investigated in the parotid glands whether cell phone use alters the expression of cytokines. We used the saliva produced by the parotid glands to assess cytokines levels, comparing the saliva from the gland exposed to cell phone radiation (ipsilateral) to the saliva from the opposite, unexposed parotid (contralateral) of each individual. We compared salivary flow, total protein, IL-1 β, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α between the ipsilateral and contralateral parotids of forty-three individuals. No difference was found for any of these parameters. Our study provides evidence that the exposure of parotid glands to cell phone use does not alter cytokines levels in the parotid. Supported by CAPES, FAPEMIG and CNPq, Brazil. Citation Format: Fabricio TA de Souza, Carolina C. Gomes, Luiz Armando De Marco, Elisa C. Siqueira, Samuel M. Costa, Jeane F. Correia-Silva, Ricardo S. Gomez. Cell phone use and cytokines expression in saliva of the parotid glands. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3297. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3297