Elisa Hardt

Landscape changes in Serra do Japi: legal protection or scientific expectation?

La creacion de nuevas areas legalmente protegidas trae muchos conflictos que alejan el paisaje real del que se espera por la legislacion ambiental o por los investigadores en conservacion. En este estudio se cartografiaron y compararon los cambios ocurridos en Serra do Japi (Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil) a lo largo de 40 anos con escenarios de proteccion legal y de expectativa cientifica sobre la conservacion de bosques, buscando evaluar la distancia entre ellos. Este estudio nos permite inferir acerca de la direccion de cambios historicos y contribuye al debate entre tomadores de decision. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoria de las exigencias legales de proteccion forestal fueron cumplidas en el paisaje. La decada de 1960 fue el periodo con cobertura forestal mas proxima a la deseada para la conservacion. Aunque Serra do Japi ha mantenido grandes areas de bosques en todo el periodo estudiado, la influencia humana se incremento con la expansion de plantaciones forestales, de areas urbanas y principalmente de las carreteras de acceso, identificadas como potenciales fuerzas conductoras de cambio. Ademas, se observo perdida de habitat en el paisaje que puede representar una primera fase de una secuencia de cambios perjudiciales para la conservacion ambiental de esa area protegida. Esto incluye cambios en la decision del uso del suelo. En conclusion, los cambios evolucionaron en direccion a las expectativas de la conservacion, pero no hacia la configuracion de bosques bajo una expectativa cientifica.

EFFECTS OF URBAN SPRAWL ON FOREST CONSERVATION IN A METROPOLITAN WATER SOURCE AREA

1 Received on 19.10.2017 accepted for publication on 21.03.2018. 2 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Curso de Ciências Ambientais, Diadema, SPBrasil. E-mail: <amandacamero@gmail.com>. 3 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Diadema, SPBrasil. E-mail: <thaisissii@gmail.com>. 4 Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Ecologia, São Paulo, SPBrasil. E-mail: <candeya@gmail.com>. 5 Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Diadema, SPBrasil. E-mail: <elisa.hardt@unifesp.br>. *Corresponding author.

Landscape Indicators of the Success of Protected Areas on Habitat Recovery for the Golden Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia)

ABSTRACT Since 1974, conservation efforts to protect an endangered species, the Golden Lion Tamarin (GLT), have led to the creation of the first strict nature reserve in Brazil ‒ the Poço das Antas Biological Reserve (REBIO) ‒ and the subsequent creation of the Environmental Protection Area of the Sao Joao River Basin, for sustainable use. This paper assesses the influence of Protected Areas (PA) creation and conservation programs on GLT habitat. Landscape metrics based on aerial photographs taken from three different periods are used to assess habitat conditions for this species through time. We analyzed the availability and potential quality of habitat in the years following the creation of the REBIO, comparing with its buffer zone and population rates correlations. We observed different trends in landscape dynamics between the REBIO, where most of the forest recovery occurred, and its buffer zone, where habitat loss was recorded. In general, the results showed an increase of continuous forest patches. The conservation/regeneration processes in the buffer zone have intensified in recent years. Comparisons over time, especially with respect to forest core areas and large patches, are valuable tools to assess landscape suitability for GLT survival at different spatial scales.

Análise estrutural da comunidade arbustivoarbórea de um cerradão

We evaluated the structure and growth stocks in an area of “cerradao” (arboreal savanna) absent from anthropogenic interference for four decades. The phytosociological stratification used was: canopy (h>3,0m e DLB>6,0cm), inferior (h 1.0cm at the base), medium (1.0 3.0m and DLB<6.0cm). We identified heterogeneity in the vertical structure of the community. Most populations show a high number of individuals from the superior and medium strata. These results suggest that the structural stability is mostly due to the maintenance of the process of establishment, growth and survival of the species, resulting from the absence of human activities in this area.

Structural analysis of shrub and arboreal community of a cerradão

Neste trabalho apresenta-se a avaliacao da estrutura e do estoque de crescimento de um cerradao sem interferencias antropicas ha quatro decadas por meio da estratificacao fitossociologica: dossel (h > 3,0m e DAS > 6,0cm), inferior (h 1,0cm), media (1,0 3,0m e DAS < 6,0cm). Foi evidenciada uma heterogeneidade na estrutura vertical da comunidade, destacando-se um elevado numero de individuos, nos estratos superior e medio, que indicam a estabilidade dessa vegetacao, principalmente em funcao da ausencia de degradacao que tem permitido a manutencao dos processos de estabelecimento, sobrevivencia e crescimento das especies.