Eliseo García-Cantó

Percepción de la utilidad de las clases de educación física y su relación con la práctica físico-deportiva en escolares

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la relación existente entre la percepción de utilidad de las clases de Educación Física y el nivel de actividad físico-deportiva habitual en escolares de la Región de Murcia. Para ello se ha validado una escala denominada IAFHE, que fue aplicada a una muestra aleatoria de 1120 alumnos de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 12 años. Los tests de independencia aplicados y el análisis multivariante (Mancova) efectuado señalan que la percepción de utilidad en las clases de Educación Física es una variable que se relaciona de forma significativa, tanto en varones como en mujeres, con un aumento en los niveles globales de actividad física habitual de los escolares. Las medias registradas en la subescala de actividad físico-deportiva escolar son significativamente más elevadas a las observadas en la subescala de actividad deportiva voluntaria y durante el tiempo de ocio; esta circunstancia es debida, probablemente, al carácter de obligatoriedad de dicha materia, lo que nos orienta hacia la necesidad de aumentar la presencia horaria dentro del currículum.

NIVEL DE CONDICIÓN FÍSICA Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL ESTATUS DE PESO CORPORAL EN ESCOLARES

OBJECTIVE To explore and establish possible relationships between body weight status and fitness level in a sample of primary school children. METHODS Descriptive and cross-sectional study. A total of 216 students (125 women 8-11 years) participated in the assessment of weight, height and physical condition. The body weight status (normal-weight, overweight and obesity) was categorized according to international standards. RESULTS males have on average higher values in the running test 4x10 meters, manual dynamometry, longitudinal jump and Course-Navette. Women show a higher tendency to exceed healthy weight. The analysis showed that a high level of fitness is directly associated with normal weight status (p <.01). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that students who have higher fitness levels are more likely to have a body weight status within normal parameters. Programs promoting physical activity, aimed to improve fitness, and thus the body status need to be implemented. Increasing physical education time at school or conducting educational programs focused on nutrition can be effective measures to improve overall health.

Relación entre el estatus de peso corporal y el autoconcepto en escolares

Body weight status has been linked to other health parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body weight status and self-concept in a sample of 216 students (9.26 ± 1.26 years) from schools of the Southeast of Spain. BMI (Body-mass index) was used to evaluate the body weight status. Subjects were classified into normal weight, overweight and obesity according to international standards. The six dimensions of self-concept (intellectual, behavioral, physical, lack of anxiety, social and life satisfaction) were assessed using the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale. The results showed significant associations between BMI and intellectual self-concept, life satisfaction, global self-concept and physical self. Subjects categorized as overweight or obese were those who showed lower scores on the self-concept scale. Interventions focused on improving the body weight status are needed in order to achieve better self-concept levels and health among young people.

Estado nutricional y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en escolares del sureste español

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Analyze the level of Life Quality (LQ) in relation to nutritional status in a sample of primary school children. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross sectional study with 298 participants (53.35% female) of 8-12 years. LQ was assessed by the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire . Measures of weight and size were taken. The BMI (normal-weight, overweight and obesity) was categorized using standard criteria. To establish the relationship between the different statistical variables was performed the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test and analysis of variance. RESULTS Nutritional status was significantly correlated with LQ (F = 5.096; p =, 007). School children with a normal- weight state showed higher LQ levels compared to those overweight (p = .015) and obese (p =, 013). CONCLUSIONS The results show that nutritional status acts as a differentiating factor in LQ. Adopting active lifestyle behaviours that promote a healthy nutritional status not only can have benefits over health biological parameters (such as physical condition) but can also contribute to improve other LQ indicators and mental health .

Capacidad aeróbica y calidad de vida en escolares de 8 a 12 años

Aerobic capacity is a powerful physiological indicator of the overall health status. The objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between aerobic capacity and quality of life in a sample of 298 (159 girls) school children aged 8-12 years. Aerobic capacity was tested using the Course-Navette test. Quality of life was assessed using the KIDSCREEN-10 Index scale. Males showed higher performance in the Course-Navette test and highest values of VO2max (P<.001 for both). ANOVA statistical analysis showed that the quality of life was significantly higher in school children with increased level of aerobic capacity compared to those with a low level (P=.001). Children with high aerobic capacity showed higher quality of life scores in relation to their peers with low scores (P<.001). As for the females, significant differences were found among those with high aerobic capacity level and their peers low levels (P<.031). The results of this study suggest that school children with higher level of aerobic capacity show better results in the quality of life index. Long-term intervention studies are needed to verify if an aerobic capacity development programme may upgrade the quality of life of children and adolescents.

Influencia de un programa de ejercicio físico terapéutico en diferentes indicadores clínicos relacionados con la dislipidemia en sujetos adultos de 26 a 73 años con algún factor de riesgo cardiovascular

INTRODUCTION A sedentary lifestyle is indicated in the international literature as one of the main causes for the onset of some cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a therapeutic physical exercise programme on different clinical indicators related to dyslipidaemia (total cholesterol, HDL and LDL) in sedentary subjects with a cardiovascular risk factor. METHOD Intervention study with before-and-after evaluation of a sample of 340 patients (132 males and 208 females) referred from the 2 primary care centres of the municipality of Molina de Segura (Murcia), and who participated in a 30-week programme of physical exercise combining muscle-conditioning work circuits with other cardio-respiratory resistance workouts. Regarding the clinical indicators, the health professionals collected in the medical history the health indicators corresponding to the biological evolution of the process for which the subjects studied had started the physical exercise programme. RESULTS The statistical analyses showed a significant improvement (p<.005) in the LDL indicator and a non-significant improvement in total and HDL cholesterol indicators after a 3-month exercise programme of 3 weekly sessions. CONCLUSIONS The prescription of physical exercise in dyslipidaemic subjects from primary care centre should be evaluated as a resource for improving the clinical indicators specific to their pathology.

Influencia de un programa de ejercicio físico terapéutico sobre el consumo máximo de oxígeno en adultos con factores de riesgo cardiovascular

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a physical exercise program on VO2max in sedentary subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was composed of 214 patients (80 males, 134 females) with an average age of 52 years, who were referred to a physical exercise program from 2 primary care centres of Spanish southeast. It was implemented a 10 week program (3 training×1h/week) combining strength with cardiorespiratory fitness. TheVO2max was analyzed through the Rockport Walk Test (RWT) comparing the pre and post program measurements. RESULTS The results show significant improvements on VO2max for both genders (p<0,05). The most pronounced increase in VO2max was among males in the highest age band (56-73 years). CONCLUSIONS Prescribing and referral exercise programs from primary care centers must be considered as a resource for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in the population studied.

Capacidad aeróbica, estado de peso y autoconcepto en escolares de primaria

OBJETIVES To analyze the relationship between self-concept, aerobic capacity and weight status in schoolchildren. MATERIAL AND METHOD Relational descriptive design in which was assessed the weight status and aerobic capacity of 256 schoolchildren among 8-11 years. Aerobic capacity (low vs high) and the body mass index (normal-weight vs overweight-obesity) were categorized using standard criteria. The self-concept was assessed through the Piers Harris self-concept scale for children. RESULTS Schoolchildren with normal-weight and high fitness level showed better levels of conductual self-concept (P=.030), physical (P<.001), lack of anxiety (P=.048), and global self-concept (P=.002). The schoolchildren with normal-weight show higher levels of conductual self-concpt (P=.016), intellectual (P=.050), physical (P<.001), life satisfaction (P=.036), and global self-concept (P=.001). The schoolchildren with a higher fitness level showed better conductual self-concept (P=.024), physical (P=.004), lack of anxiety (P=.011), social (P=.024), and global (P=.003). CONCLUSIONS The results of the study strengthen the importance to transmit to the educative community the knowledge of the relationship between the variables analyzed aiming to improve the schoolchildren self-concept.