Elizabeth Espindola Halpern

Representações de adoecimento e cura de pacientes do Centro de Dependência Química do Hospital Central da Marinha

This article presents one of the segments of ethnographic research which was conducted over a two-year period, by means of participant observation, at the Chemical Dependency Center of the Brazilian Navy. Patients of 2 treatment groups were observed during 24 sessions of group therapy. Among the 22 existing patients of the two groups, 13 patients were randomly selected for individual interviews. Their illness and healing representations related to mental and behavioral disorders caused by drugs were examined, and also the influence of the work environment on patient involvement with drugs was investigated. Results show that patients believe that they are responsible for their illness and for their alcoholic sobriety and they also believe they will never be cured. Furthermore, they do not usually accept the on-going medical discourse or the Alcoholics Anonymous belief that they are recovering alcoholics; they build their own views about their diagnoses, prognoses, and treatments. There are cultural traits particular to the naval life that indicate that the categories analyzed are mainly social, and that certain work-related conditions lead to the emergence of alcoholism in many patients, despite the fact that drugs are commonly tackled from the administrative perspective.

Oportunidades de beber a bordo: características do labor naval

Uma pesquisa qualitativa foi realizada por meio de um estudo de casos multiplos e explanatorio de modo a investigar o papel da Marinha do Brasil na construcao do alcoolismo dos pacientes de um ambulatorio especializado em dependencia quimica e examinar como ocorreu o adoecimento desses pacientes no ambiente laboral. Portanto, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com 13 pacientes de dois grupos terapeuticos do Centro de Dependencia Quimica (CEDEQ). A amostragem, a coleta, analise e interpretacao dos dados foram feitas de forma circular. Os resultados apontaram que existem caracteristicas do trabalho e oportunidades de beber relacionadas a producao do alcoolismo. Em conclusao, modos de consumir bebidas, geralmente em grupo, estao associados a execucao das tarefas, facilitando a instalacao da dependencia do alcool.

Etilismo na jornada laboral: peculiaridades da vida naval

O alcoolismo entre os militares passou a ser objeto de atencao especial na Marinha do Brasil a partir da criacao do Centro de Dependencia Quimica em 1997. Este estudo se desenvolveu a partir do metodo etnografico, atraves da observacao participante em 2010, no decorrer de 24 sessoes, em dois grupos terapeuticos, cada qual composto por cerca de dez integrantes. Os registros foram feitos em um diario de campo apos as sessoes grupais. Os resultados apontaram que existe uma importante influencia de fatores socioculturais na producao de seu alcoolismo. Constatou-se que o beber a bordo e uma tradicao aprendida, considerando que existem: oportunidades de beber e o facil acesso a bebidas alcoolicas; normas favoraveis que apoiam o consumo, inclusive no ambiente de trabalho; e tradicoes navais que, de forma continua e sutil, difundem crencas e mitos sobre a inquestionavel presenca do alcool na vida naval. Enfim, a Marinha brasileira tem um posicionamento ambivalente que, de forma alternada, estimula e proibe o consumo de etilicos a bordo, aplicando medidas administrativas e punitivas, sem criterios claros. Com efeito, modos de consumir bebidas, geralmente em grupo, encontram-se associados a execucao das tarefas marinheiras, facilitando a producao da dependencia do alcool.

The Alcoholic Habitus: A Socio-Anthropological Eye on Alcoholism

A pioneering study was conducted at the Center for Chemical Dependency of the Brazilian Navy. The method used was an ethnographic study, with participant observation, to investigate the influence of this institution in the construction of patients? alcoholism. Sampling, data collection, analysis and interpretation of data were conducted in a circular manner. In this article, we present one of the main results of the research, the relevance of the socio-anthropological eye on alcoholism: the alcoholic habitus. It refers to internalized patterns of behaviors, attitudes, and thoughts associated to ways of drinking, mainly collectively. It could be seen that drinking on board is a learned naval tradition, disseminated by beliefs and myths in favor of the presence of alcohol during the work journey. In conclusion, although the results cannot be generalized to other groups, they should motivate further investigations concerning alcoholism in other institutions, mostly to implement protective measures on behalf of the workers and the organization.

Availability of Alcoholic Beverages During the Brazilian Navy Working Hours

This article presents and discusses one of the five main categories that emerged from the narratives of patients treated in a military outpatient clinic of the Brazilian Navy: the availability of drinks on board. A dense ethnography was conducted at this clinic from 2005 to 2009, and, in 2010, a participant observation was carried out in two treatment groups, during 24 sessions. Sampling, data collection, analysis, and interpretation occurred in an interactive way, rather than in a stepwise sequence. Data interpretation was possible by using the Peircean abduction reasoning of the peculiar categories that emerged in the participants’ discourse. A templum-synthesis was built according to the Boudon diagram to analyze and discuss the information. In conclusion, the institution seems to contribute to the production of the alcoholic habitus, unaware that alcohol availability may influence the emergence of alcoholism, leading to harmful impacts on the health of its contingent.

EVASÃO NAS UNIDADES DE ACOLHIMENTO: DISCUTINDO SEUS SIGNIFICADOS

Este artigo discute os significados da evasao de adolescentes de duas unidades de acolhimento, tanto para estes quanto para os profissionais. Para isso, explicitam-se os pontos de vista de ambos, a fim de compreender como vivenciam e lidam com tal processo. Para a discussao do tema, foram analisadas 30 entrevistas com adolescentes e 47 com profissionais, utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, alem de observacoes de campo. A coleta das entrevistas foi baseada na historia oral e a analise, na teoria da comunicacao. Pode-se concluir que a falta de capacitacao e supervisao dos profissionais afeta o processo de acolhimento dos jovens e tambem causa sofrimento psiquico aos cuidadores. Por fim, observou-se a necessidade de desenvolver um trabalho consistente e integrado com as equipes em torno dos verdadeiros objetivos das unidades de acolhimento, dando a elas suporte psicossocial.This article discusses the meanings ofteenagers’evasion according to both the latter and professionals from two shelter units. In order to do this, the points of view of both of them carefully expressed, to comprehend how they live and deal with this process. In order to discuss the theme 30 interviews with teenagers and 47 with professionals were analyzed using the qualitative approach as well as field research. The interviews were performed based on the oral history, and the analysis was based on the theory of communication. It was possible to conclude that the professional lack of training and supervision affects the process of caretaking the youngsters and it also causes psychic suffering to the caretakers. Lastly, it was observed the need to develop a consistent and integrated work with the teams around the true objectives of the shelter units through a psychosocial support.

Evasión de las unidades de acogida: discusión acerca de sus significados

Este artigo discute os significados da evasao de adolescentes de duas unidades de acolhimento, tanto para estes quanto para os profissionais. Para isso, explicitam-se os pontos de vista de ambos, a fim de compreender como vivenciam e lidam com tal processo. Para a discussao do tema, foram analisadas 30 entrevistas com adolescentes e 47 com profissionais, utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, alem de observacoes de campo. A coleta das entrevistas foi baseada na historia oral e a analise, na teoria da comunicacao. Pode-se concluir que a falta de capacitacao e supervisao dos profissionais afeta o processo de acolhimento dos jovens e tambem causa sofrimento psiquico aos cuidadores. Por fim, observou-se a necessidade de desenvolver um trabalho consistente e integrado com as equipes em torno dos verdadeiros objetivos das unidades de acolhimento, dando a elas suporte psicossocial.This article discusses the meanings ofteenagers’evasion according to both the latter and professionals from two shelter units. In order to do this, the points of view of both of them carefully expressed, to comprehend how they live and deal with this process. In order to discuss the theme 30 interviews with teenagers and 47 with professionals were analyzed using the qualitative approach as well as field research. The interviews were performed based on the oral history, and the analysis was based on the theory of communication. It was possible to conclude that the professional lack of training and supervision affects the process of caretaking the youngsters and it also causes psychic suffering to the caretakers. Lastly, it was observed the need to develop a consistent and integrated work with the teams around the true objectives of the shelter units through a psychosocial support.

Evasion in the shelter units: discussing their meanings

Este artigo discute os significados da evasao de adolescentes de duas unidades de acolhimento, tanto para estes quanto para os profissionais. Para isso, explicitam-se os pontos de vista de ambos, a fim de compreender como vivenciam e lidam com tal processo. Para a discussao do tema, foram analisadas 30 entrevistas com adolescentes e 47 com profissionais, utilizando a abordagem qualitativa, alem de observacoes de campo. A coleta das entrevistas foi baseada na historia oral e a analise, na teoria da comunicacao. Pode-se concluir que a falta de capacitacao e supervisao dos profissionais afeta o processo de acolhimento dos jovens e tambem causa sofrimento psiquico aos cuidadores. Por fim, observou-se a necessidade de desenvolver um trabalho consistente e integrado com as equipes em torno dos verdadeiros objetivos das unidades de acolhimento, dando a elas suporte psicossocial.This article discusses the meanings ofteenagers’evasion according to both the latter and professionals from two shelter units. In order to do this, the points of view of both of them carefully expressed, to comprehend how they live and deal with this process. In order to discuss the theme 30 interviews with teenagers and 47 with professionals were analyzed using the qualitative approach as well as field research. The interviews were performed based on the oral history, and the analysis was based on the theory of communication. It was possible to conclude that the professional lack of training and supervision affects the process of caretaking the youngsters and it also causes psychic suffering to the caretakers. Lastly, it was observed the need to develop a consistent and integrated work with the teams around the true objectives of the shelter units through a psychosocial support.