Elizabeth Long Lingo

Learning from Mum: Cross-National Evidence Linking Maternal Employment and Adult Children’s Outcomes:

Analyses relying on two international surveys from over 100,000 men and women across 29 countries explore the relationship between maternal employment and adult daughters’ and sons’ employment and domestic outcomes. In the employment sphere, adult daughters, but not sons, of employed mothers are more likely to be employed and, if employed, are more likely to hold supervisory responsibility, work more hours and earn higher incomes than their peers whose mothers were not employed. In the domestic sphere, sons raised by employed mothers spend more time caring for family members and daughters spend less time on housework. Analyses provide evidence for two mechanisms: gender attitudes and social learning. Finally, findings show contextual influences at the family and societal levels: family-of-origin social class moderates effects of maternal employment and childhood exposure to female employment within society can substitute for the influence of maternal employment on daughters and reinforce its influence on sons.

Book Review: Managing and Working in Project Society: Institutional Challenges of Temporary Organizations

What do the latest Pixar film and the Beijing Olympic Water Cube have in common? Automaker R&D labs and Not Impossible, the social venture that brought 3D prosthetic limb printing to wartorn Sudan? Open Source software and the Live Aid music festival? While they may differ in scale and scope, and span a diverse array of industries, each is an example of project-based organizing— a fundamental feature of work, careers, and enterprise in the 21st century and a primary vehicle for solving complex problems and advancing innovation. While a substantial body of research examines the possibilities and challenges of temporary organizations, our understanding of a projectbased society remains fragmented and siloed. The authors of Managing and Working in Project Society: Institutional Challenges of Temporary Organizations address this gap—thoughtfully synthesizing a broad constellation of research streams and industry studies to offer readers an invaluable, comprehensive overview of how project-based organizing is transforming work and society. The authors begin by addressing essential motivating questions, such as “What are the characteristics of project organizing and management? How does this organizational form differ from traditional industrial organization?” Project-based organizing, the authors suggest, has a long history—the organizational form can be found throughout agrarian, industrial, and knowledge economies. Nevertheless, the authors focus our attention on how project-based organizing is challenging those steeped in the hierarchical, industrial logic of the last century. How are existing dominant institutions, which have enjoyed success using the hierarchical model, adapting to the “projectification” of work and organizing? What are the managerial, human resource, and market implications of a project-based society? What capacities will leaders need to advance sustainable, long-term solutions through increasingly more complex, fluid, and multicultural projects? Gaining traction on these questions has been difficult, given the wide variety of problems and ventures advanced through temporary projects and the diverse industries and organizational contexts in which they arise. To help gain clarity, the authors offer an invaluable typology of three project archetypes. First, the authors identify project-based organizations (PBOs), in which “the knowledge, capabilities, and resources of the firm are built up through the execution of projects, and most of their internal and external activities are organized in projects” (p. 23). Examples of PBOs include consulting, creative and design firms, architecture and civil engineering firms. Second, project-supported organizations (PSOs) primarily include organizations that rely on projects to drive innovation and competitive advantage for the firm. Examples include the R&D arm or product development labs of an automotive company, or other companies organized around the 632722OSS0010.1177/0170840616632722Organization StudiesBook Review research-article2016