Elizabeth Pérez

Spiritist Mediumship as Historical Mediation: African-American Pasts, Black Ancestral Presence, and Afro-Cuban Religions

Abstract The scholarship on Afro-Atlantic religions has tended to downplay the importance of Kardecist Espiritismo. In this article I explore the performance of Spiritist rituals among Black North American practitioners of Afro-Cuban religions, and examine its vital role in the development of their religious subjectivity. Drawing on several years of ethnographic research in a Chicago-based Lucumi community, I argue that through Spiritist ceremonies, African-American participants engaged in memory work and other transformative modes of collective historiographical praxis. I contend that by inserting gospel songs, church hymns, and spirituals into the musical repertoire of misas espirituales, my interlocutors introduced a new group of beings into an existing category of ethnically differentiated ‘spirit guides’. Whether embodied in ritual contexts or cultivated privately through household altars, these spirits not only personify the ancestral dead; I demonstrate that they also mediate between African-American historical experience and the contemporary practice of Yoruba- and Kongo-inspired religions.

Cooking for the gods: sensuous ethnography, sensory knowledge, and the kitchen in Lucumí tradition

This article considers the ways “sensuous ethnography” can illuminate the dynamism of embodied religious perception and behavior. It discusses the authors ethnographic research in an African-American community of Lucumí/Santería practitioners on the South Side of Chicago, and explores the sensorily attentive methodological approach adopted to engage with this house of worship, Ilé Laroye. The kitchen of Ilé Laroye became the authors main fieldwork site, and this article historicizes the kitchen in Lucumí tradition as a woman-centered space that has privileged complex forms of labor defined as generative of virtue and ritual competence. It is argued that post-sacrificial food preparation in particular has served to prepare the uninitiated for the rigors of Lucumí priesthood, and proven necessary for the internalization of dispositions and sensibilities that lead to initiation. The author contends that kitchen work has played a key role in transmitting somatic knowledge indispensable for the practice of this Afro-Cuban tradition.

The ontology of twerk: from ‘sexy’ Black movement style to Afro-Diasporic sacred dance

The objective of this article is to develop an ontology of twerk that situates it within Black Atlantic choreographic modalities, including those of Afro-Diasporic religions. As a corrective to the pervasive stereotyping and appropriation of twerk, I place its normative performance within the cultural space of contemporary Black New Orleans. I furnish an overview of temporally proximate regional variations in the United States and locate its more remote antecedents in the participatory dances documented on North American plantations. Twerk also shares various morphological and thematic similarities with Caribbean and Latin American movement traditions that have promoted female sexual, economic, and political freedom. Of these, I take into special account Brazilian, Cuban, and Haitian dances sacred to Afro-Diasporic deities venerated for giving life and bearing witness to death. I conclude that twerk should be understood properly as part of a family of Black Atlantic dances that emerged from shared histories of domination.