Elke Richartz

Autoantibodies to serotonin in serum of patients with psychiatric disorders

Antibodies to serotonin in serum were investigated by ELISA in patients with paranoid schizophrenia (N=27), schizoaffective psychosis (N=38), depression (N=67), Alzheimers disease (N=21), chronic alcoholism (N=43), rheumatoid arthritis (N=25), and multiple sclerosis (N=16), and in healthy volunteers (N=60). Increased antibody reactivity to serotonin was found in schizoaffective psychosis, chronic alcoholism, and rheumatoid arthritis. Decreased antibody reactivity to serotonin was found in multiple sclerosis and depression. These anti-serotonin antibodies belong to the class of so-called natural autoantibodies. Alterations of these natural autoantibodies could indicate a disturbance to the immune system. It is possible that these antibodies could also influence receptor function. Autoantibodies to neurotransmitters in a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders have not previously been reported.

Diminished Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Cerebral inflammation as well as systemic immunological alterations have been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We examined the production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-12, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α in whole blood cell cultures of AD patients and age-matched controls. The production of all measured cytokines after mitogen stimulation is significantly decreased in the AD group compared to controls. The results reflect an attenuated secretory activity of monocytes/macrophages, but also of T-helper cells. The data sustain the assumption that a systemic, possibly age-related alteration of immune mechanisms may play a pathogenetic role in the development of AD.

Increased Serum Levels of CD95 in Alzheimer’s Disease

There is growing evidence for a role of apoptosis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent findings suggest an increased susceptibility of lymphocytes to apoptosis in AD. To prove the hypothesis of systemic alterations in the apoptotic balance in AD, serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of soluble CD95, which is known to mediate apoptosis, were measured. In the serum, AD patients exhibited significantly higher levels of CD95 than the controls (p = 0.017), suggesting an involvement of peripheral markers in AD.

A Case of Paranoia with Severe Consequences

Following a brief resume of the history of the notion of paranoia, we present the case history of a 67-year-old female patient, who suffered from irreversible physical handicap as a result of chronic delusion. Against the background of the on-going controversy about the existence of paranoia as a distinct illness, we discuss the contemporary understanding of delusional disorders, emphasising the importance of a multidimensional therapeutic approach.