Eloise R. Giblett

Transplantation of Marrow from an Unrelated Donor to a Patient with Acute Leukemia

MARROW transplantation between genotypically HLA-identical siblings has an established and expanding place in the management of leukemia and aplastic anemia.1 2 3 The majority of patients, unfortun...

Erythrokinetics: quantitative measurements of red cell production and destruction in normal subjects and patients with anemia.

To study erythropoiesis and anemia, one must have a firm foundation of indices that accurately measure red blood cell production and destruction. This paper, authored by hematology legends Arno G. Motulsky and Clement A. Finch, provides that foundation. Using methods that would not be approved in todays environment, the authors studied a cohort of normal healthy patients and an equal number of patients with different forms of anemia. The results confirm a reciprocal model of red cell production and destruction, show that anemia can be the result of either underproduction (a regenerative anemia or ineffective erythropoiesis) or increased destruction, and define parameters for distinguishing these 2 possibilities that are still widely used today.

Polymorphism of Soluble Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase: A New Genetic Marker in Man

Soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) has three common phenotypes, each representing the homozygous and heterozygous expression of two alleles, Gpt1 and Gpt2 at an autosomal locus. The frequencies of these alleles vary considerably from one population to another.

Anemia and the spleen.

THE spleen has come to be known as an organ of phagocytosis and antibody production. It appears admirably suited for these functions, since it is located in the direct stream of the circulating blo...

Haptoglobin: A Review

Whereas a considerable body of information concerning haptoglobin is available, some very basic questions remain to be answered. These include the site and rate of haptoglobin synthesis, its role in normal metabolism, the fine structure of the haptoglobin molecules, mechanisms influencing their polymerization, and the selective advantages, if any, associated with the various phenotypes.

Intraspecific red cell enzyme variation in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina)

The erythrocytes of 350 pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were examined for electrophoretic variation of hemoglobin and 26 enzymes. Seven enzymes showed variation in more than 1% of individuals: phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase-1, soluble NADP-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase, peptidase A, peptidase C, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase, and acid phosphatase. Variation with lesser frequency was found in soluble glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, phosphoglycerate kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and hemoglobin. Only eight samples were tested for esterase D, and one of these had a variant phenotype. Enzymes with no clear variation were adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase, phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphoglycerate mutase, phosphopyruvate hydratase (enolase), phosphoglucomutase-3, and superoxide dismutase. There was father-to-son transmission of PGI, PGM1, peptidase C, 6PGD, 2,3-DPGAM, NADP-ICD, and acid phosphatase variants, suggesting that these loci are autosomal as in man.

Current Status of Red-Cell Preservation and Availability in Relation to the Developing National Blood Policy

Abstract The new National Blood Policy focuses attention on unsettled questions concerning current quality and availability of preserved red cells. Expanded understanding of mechanisms of red-cell oxygen delivery has posed unresolved questions about the clinical effectiveness of transfusions of 2,3-diphosphoglyceratedepleted cells. The 21-day storage period approved 30 years ago has not been extended, despite evidence from laboratory experiments and clinical trials that improved methods for liquid preservation of whole blood have been developed. The appropriate role for prolonged subzero storage of glycerolized red cells remains controversial; claims for the products superiority with respect to low hepatitis risk and reduced incidence of recipient sensitization to histocompatibility antigens require conclusive documentation. Periodic shortages of red cells reflect, in large part, inefficient management of total blood supplies and lack of co-ordinated donor-recruitment programs. These problems must be res...

2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase: Its demonstration by electrophoresis and the detection of a genetic variant

A method is described for detecting the electrophoretic pattern of the enzyme 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase (2,3-DPGM) after starch gel electrophoresis. In addition, a genetic variant found in a Canadian Eskimo family is described. The pattern of this (presumably) heterozygous phenotype is consistent with a dimeric structure of the enzyme.

Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in the Greek populations

SummaryThe frequency of variant forms of 6 red cell enzymes, adenylate kinase, adenosine deaminase, phosphoglucomutase, acid phosphatase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase, were determined in 9 Greek populations. The frequencies of the variants in these populations were similar to those previously reported in most other European populations. However, several differences, particularly in the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and acid phosphatase alleles, were found in a comparison of Greeks and Bulgarians, in accordance with their separate ethnic origins. The Macedonians resembled the other Greeks and differed from the Bulgarians.

A Simple and Practical Method for Concentrating Blood Group Antibodies

Concentration of serum proteins, including blood group antibodies and complement components, is achieved rapidly and economically by dialysing the serum against dry Carbowax 20‐M, a polyethylene glycol polymer with a molecular weight of 20,000. Such concentrates require no fluid or electrolyte readjustment for red cell testing and may be used for the identification of weak antibodies, the conversion of rare but unreliable antisera into useful laboratory reagents, and the preparation of serum specimens with high complement activity.