Elusa Santina Antunes de Oliveira

Comportamentos de risco à saúde em adolescentes no Sul do Brasil: prevalência e fatores associados

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of health risk behaviors and to analyze factors associated with exposure to such behaviors among adolescents in the state of Santa Catarina in the south of Brazil. METHODS Adolescents attending 240 high school classes at the states public schools answered a questionnaire that collected demographics (sex, age, area of residence, and day versus night classes), social and economic data (working status and monthly family income), and information on health risk behaviors (insufficient levels of physical activity, low intake of fruits/vegetables, smoking, alcohol abuse, illicit drug use, involvement in physical fights, and irregular use of condoms). RESULTS The completed questionnaires of 5 028 adolescents (2 984 females and 2 044 males), 15-19 years of age (mean = 17.0; standard deviation = 1.12), were considered valid. The most prevalent health risk behaviors were insufficient levels of physical activity (36.5%), low intake of fruits/vegetables (46.5%), and irregular use of condoms (38.3%). Approximately 7 of 10 adolescents (64.7%) were exposed to two or more risk behaviors simultaneously. The following risk subgroups were identified: male adolescents, adolescents from 18-19 years of age, living in urban areas, studying at night, and having a higher family income. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of adolescents exposed to health risk behaviors was high, especially when simultaneous exposure to different behaviors was considered. These results can contribute to developing health promotion campaigns for the school setting that are specifically aimed at the risk subgroups identified.

Associações entre atividade física, índice de massa corporal e comportamentos sedentários em adolescentes

OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a associacao do indice de massa corporal (IMC) com os niveis de atividade fisica (AF) e comportamentos sedentarios (assistir TV, usar computador ou jogar videogames) em adolescentes de escolas publicas do Estado de Santa Catarina (15-19 anos; n = 5.028). METODOS: As informacoes foram coletadas por meio de questionario desenvolvido e validado para adolescentes. Foram considerados insuficientemente ativos, os jovens que nao acumulavam pelo menos 300 minutos/semana de atividades fisicas moderadas ou vigorosas. Considerou-se para o uso excessivo de TV e computador/games um tempo > 2 horas/dia; para excesso de peso corporal, utilizou-se a tabela internacional de IMC para adolescentes. RESULTADOS: O excesso de peso corporal foi mais prevalente entre os rapazes (12,7% vs 7,9%, p<0,001), e houve uma maior proporcao de mocas insuficientemente ativas (37,0% vs 21,0%, p<0,001). A chance de ter excesso de peso corporal foi 74% maior entre os rapazes pouco ativos em comparacao com os ativos, e entre as mocas de menor renda familiar (OR=1,85) e as que residiam na zona urbana (OR=2,22). A chance de serem menos ativos foi 43% maior entre os rapazes que assistiam mais TV e 73% maior para aqueles com excesso de peso corporal. Nas mocas, a chance de pouca atividade fisica foi 54% maior entre as que trabalhavam. CONCLUSOES: a prevalencia de excesso de peso corporal foi maior entre os rapazes, mesmo sendo mais ativos do que as mocas. Nos rapazes, o excesso de peso estava significativamente associado a menor pratica de atividade fisica e, nas mocas, a menor renda familiar e local de moradia.

Physical activity and eating habits in public high schools from different regions in Brazil: the Saude na Boa project

PURPOSE: To analyze physical activity and dietary patterns of adolescents and young adults attending evening classes in high schools at two socioeconomic and culturally contrasting Cities in Brazil: Recife (in northern Brazil) and Florianopolis (in southern Brazil). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis (baseline data) of a school-based randomized trial (the Saude na Boa project), including 2,147 students (15-24 years of age; 55.7% females) from 10 schools in each city, pair-matched by size and location. Data were collected by questionnaire. RESULTS: Males were more active than females (p<0.001) in all three physical activity measures in the questionnaire: days/wk of 60+min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) - males 3.8 d/wk (s=2.3), females 3.2 d/wk (s=2.4); walk/bike to school - males 4.5 d/wk (s=2.4), females 4.1 d/wk (s=2.4); and, strength exercises - males 2.3 d/wk (s=2.5), females 0.8 d/wk (s=1.7). The prevalence of physical inactivity (zero d/wk of 60+ min MVPA) was significantly higher in Recife (p<0.001). Consumption of fruits was significantly higher in Recife than in Florianopolis (p<0.001), but no differences were observed for vegetable (p=0.28) and soda consumption (p=0.09). In general, one out of five students (21.7%) consumed fruits and vegetables <5 d/wk. CONCLUSIONS: Students attending evening classes (public high schools) in Recife tend to be older but are less likely be employed than their counterparts in Florianopolis. Participation in physical education classes was much more prevalent in Florianopolis (87.6% x 19.4% in Recife), especially for females. The prevalence of less than optimal eating habits and insufficient levels of physical activity justify the efforts to promote healthier behaviors in this transitional phase in life.

Trends in screen time on week and weekend days in a representative sample of Southern Brazil students

BACKGROUND Economic and technological improvements can help increase screen time use among adolescents, but evidence in developing countries is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine changes in TV watching and computer/video game use patterns on week and weekend days after a decade (2001 and 2011), among students in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. METHODS A comparative analysis of two cross-sectional surveys that included 5 028 and 6 529 students in 2001 and 2011, respectively, aged 15-19 years. The screen time use indicators were self-reported. 95% Confidence intervals were used to compare the prevalence rates. All analyses were separated by gender. RESULTS After a decade, there was a significant increase in computer/video game use. Inversely, a significant reduction in TV watching was observed, with a similar magnitude to the change in computer/video game use. The worst trends were identified on weekend days. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in TV watching after a decade appears to be compensated by the increase in computer/video game use, both in boys and girls. Interventions are needed to reduce the negative impact of technological improvements in the lifestyles of young people, especially on weekend days.

Insatisfação com o peso corporal e fatores associados em adolescentes

Objective: To assess the prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction among adolescents and the associated factors. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study covering a sample of students with ages from 15 to 19 years, attending public high schools in Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the year 2002. The outcome of the study was body weight satisfaction, assessed by the question: “Are you satisfied with your body weight?” The variables analyzed were gender, age, family income, home neighborhood, nutritional status, time of television viewing per week, smoking and self-rated health. Some feeding behaviors were also investigated: taking weight loss medication, vomiting after meals, and having at least three meals per day. A multinomial regression model was used in the crude and adjusted analyses. Results: Among the adolescents evaluated (n=5,028), 16.7% (95%CI: 15.7-17.7) were unsatisfied and would like to gain weight, and 36.2% (95%CI: 34.9-37.5) would like to reduce it. Frequent behaviors among those who wanted to reduce their body weight included: taking weight loss medication,

Autoavaliação de saúde e fatores associados em adolescentes do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with negative self-rated health among adolescents in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted with a representative sample of 5,028 adolescents who were attending public highschools. The negative self-rated health was analyzed in relation to the following variables: gender, income, physical activity practice, smoking, alcohol consumption, drug use and self-rated stress. The binary logistic regression was carried out to test associations. RESULTS: The prevalence of negative self-rated health was higher among girls (17.6%) in comparison to boys (9.6%; p<0.0001). Higher values of Odds Ratio (OR) were associated with female gender (OR 1.99; 95%CI 1.66-2.38), lower socioeconomic status (OR 1.54; 95%CI 1.08-2.20), smoking (OR 2.00; 95%CI 1.35-2.94), and negative self-rated stress (OR 3.36; 95%CI 2.74-4.12). CONCLUSIONS: Female adolescents, those with lower socioeconomic status, smokers and those who negatively perceived stress presented higher levels of negative self-rated health.

Clustering of unhealthy behaviors in a Brazilian population of industrial workers.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the clustering of four unhealthy behaviors (tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables) and their association with sociodemographic factors among adult industrial workers in Brazil. METHODS Data from 23 Brazilian states and the Federal District were collected via questionnaire from 2006 to 2008. Clustering of risk behaviors was identified using the ratio between the observed and expected percentages of each combination of unhealthy behaviors. RESULTS Among the 44,477 workers surveyed, 18.0% of men and 11.4% of women accumulated three or four unhealthy behaviors. The most frequent combination was physical inactivity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. The concurrent presence of all four behaviors was 86% higher in men and 148% higher in women than would be predicted if the frequency of these behaviors were independent. Presence of one or more negative behaviors was more frequent in men, younger individuals and in those with lower levels of education and family income than subjects without these characteristics. CONCLUSIONS There was a strong tendency for unhealthy behaviors to assume combinatorial patterns, mainly in men, people with less education, income, and age, suggesting important disparities.

Deslocamento para o trabalho e fatores associados em industriários do sul do Brasil

Cross-sectional study that aimed to estimate the prevalence of forms of commuting to and from work and to identify factors associated among industrial workers in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. A total of 2,265 workers completed a questionnaire on the forms of commuting to and from work (walking/biking, bus or car/motorcycle). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the outcome and sociodemographic, occupational and behavioral variables. The main form of commuting to and from work was by bus (45.7%). Workers with higher socioeconomic condition were more likely to engage in passive commuting.Estudo transversal visando estimar a prevalencia das formas de deslocamento para o trabalho e identificar fatores associados em trabalhadores do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Um total de 2.265 trabalhadores responderam questionario sobre a forma de deslocamento utilizado para ir ao trabalho: caminhada/bicicleta, onibus ou de carro/moto. Para estimar a associacao entre o desfecho e variaveis sociodemograficas, ocupacionais e comportamental foi utilizada a regressao logistica multinomial. O principal meio de deslocamento para o trabalho foi o onibus (45,7%). Trabalhadores com maior condicao socioeconomica tiveram maior probabilidade de deslocamento passivo.

Inatividade nos deslocamentos para o trabalho e fatores associados em industriários

Abstract This study analyzed the prevalence of and identified the factors associated with inactive commuting to work among industrial workers from Pernambuco, Brazil. Data for this cross-sectional study were ga-thered from a sample of 1,910 industrial employees by using a previously validated questionnaire. The measure of inactive commuting to work was based on self-reported time and mode of transportation to work on most days of a typical week. Data analysis was carried out through binary logistic regression using a hierarchical approach to include variables in the model. It was observed that 84.2% of workers were inactive commuters. After adjustment for demographic, socio-economic, and other health--related factors in both men and women, it was found that family income and company size were directly associated with inactive commuting to work. Moreo -ver, among men, inactive commuting was directly associated with schooling level and was associated with a diagnosis of diabetes. It was concluded that the prevalence of inactive commuting to work was high and directly associated with individual, social, and organizational factors.Keywords: Motor Activity; Commuting; Walking; Cycling; Workers; Brazil.

Commuting to and from work and factors associated among industrial workers from Southern Brazil

Cross-sectional study that aimed to estimate the prevalence of forms of commuting to and from work and to identify factors associated among industrial workers in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. A total of 2,265 workers completed a questionnaire on the forms of commuting to and from work (walking/biking, bus or car/motorcycle). Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the outcome and sociodemographic, occupational and behavioral variables. The main form of commuting to and from work was by bus (45.7%). Workers with higher socioeconomic condition were more likely to engage in passive commuting.Estudo transversal visando estimar a prevalencia das formas de deslocamento para o trabalho e identificar fatores associados em trabalhadores do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Um total de 2.265 trabalhadores responderam questionario sobre a forma de deslocamento utilizado para ir ao trabalho: caminhada/bicicleta, onibus ou de carro/moto. Para estimar a associacao entre o desfecho e variaveis sociodemograficas, ocupacionais e comportamental foi utilizada a regressao logistica multinomial. O principal meio de deslocamento para o trabalho foi o onibus (45,7%). Trabalhadores com maior condicao socioeconomica tiveram maior probabilidade de deslocamento passivo.