Elvinia Riccobene

An ASM Semantics for UML Activity Diagrams

We provide a rigorous semantics for one of the central diagram types which are used in UML for the description of dynamical system behavior, namely activity diagrams. We resolve for these diagrams some of the ambiguities which arise from difierent interpretations of UML models. Since we phrase our definition in terms of Abstract State Machines, we define at the same time an interesting subclass of ASMs, offering the possibility to exploit the UML tool support for using these special ASMs in the practice of software design. We apply these Activity Diagram Machines for a succinct definition of the semantics of OCCAM.

Modeling the Dynamics of UML State Machines

We define the dynamic semantics of UML State Machines which integrate statecharts with the UML object model. The use of ASMs allows us (a) to rigorously model the event driven run to completion scheme, including the sequential execution of entry/exit actions (along the structure of state nesting) and the concurrent execution of internal activities; (b) to formalize the object interaction, by combining control and data flow features in a seamless way; and (c) to provide a precise but nevertheless provably most general computational meaning to the UML terms of atomic and durative actions/activities. We borrow some features from the rigorous description of UML Activity Diagrams by ASMs in [7].

ASM-based testing: Coverage criteria and automatic test sequence generation

This paper tackles some aspects concerning the exploitation of Abstract State Machines (ASMs) for testing purposes. We define for ASM specifications a set of adequacy criteria measuring the coverage achieved by a test suite, and determining whether sufficient testing has been performed. We introduce a method to automatically generate from ASM specifications test sequences which accomplish a desired coverage. This method exploits the counter example generation of the model checker SMV. We use ASMs as test oracles to predict the expected outputs of units under test.

Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, VDM, and Z

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Abstract State Machines 2003

Invited Papers.- Software Testing Research and Practice.- Abstract State Processes.- Recent Advances in Refinement.- Partial Updates Exploration II.- Experiments with Test Case Generation and Runtime Analysis.- A Framework for Proving Contract-Equipped Classes.- Mobile UNITY Schemas for Agent Coordination.- UML and Concurrency.- Research Papers.- A Unified Formal Specification and Analysis of the New Java Memory Models.- Modelling Conditional Knowledge Discovery and Belief Revision by Abstract State Machines.- Formal Description of a Distributed Location Service for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.- Remarks on Turbo ASMs for Functional Equations and Recursion Schemes.- Integrating UML Static and Dynamic Views and Formalizing the Interaction Mechanism of UML State Machines.- The Hidden Computation Steps of Turbo Abstract State Machines.- Using Spin to Generate Tests from ASM Specifications.- Interfacing ASM with the MDG Tool.- ASMs versus Natural Semantics: A Comparison with New Insights.- Quantum Computing and Abstract State Machines.- Consistent Integration for Sequential Abstract State Machines.- Deciding the Verification Problem for Abstract State Machines.- An ASM Semantics of UML Derived from the Meta-model and Incorporating Actions.- Privacy, Abstract Encryption and Protocols: An ASM Model - Part I.- A Framework for Modeling the Semantics of Expression Evaluation with Abstract State Machines.- Extended Abstracts.- Using AsmL for Runtime Verification.- Modeling Information Services on the Basis of ASM Semantics.- Designing the Parlay Call-Control Using ASMs.- Test Case Generation from AsmL Specifications.- Teaching ASMs, Teaching with ASMs: Opportunities in Undergraduate Education.- Using ASM Specifications for Compiler Testing.- ASMs as Integration Platform towards Verification and Validation of Distributed Production Control Systems at Multiple Levels of Abstraction.- AsmL Specification of a Ptolemy II Scheduler.- ASM Specification of Database Systems.- The Computable Kernel of ASM.- A Non-standard Approach to Operational Semantics for Timed Systems.- Parallelism versus Nondeterminism - On the Semantics of Abstract State Machines.

A SoC Design Methodology Involving a UML 2.0 Profile for SystemC

In this paper, we present a SoC design methodology joining the capabilities of UML and SystemC to operate at system-level. We present a UML 2.0 profile of the SystemC language, exploiting the MDA capabilities of defining modeling languages, platform independent and reducible to platform dependent languages. The UML profile captures both the structural and the behavioral features of the SystemC language, and allows high level modeling of system-on-a-chip with straightforward translation to SystemC code.

Using spin to generate tests from ASM specifications

In this paper we introduce an algorithm to automatically encode an ASM specification in PROMELA, the language of the model checker Spin, and we present a method exploiting the counter example generation feature of Spin, to automatically generate from ASM specifications test sequences which accomplish a desired coverage. ASMs are used as test oracles to predict the expected outputs of units under test. A prototype tool that implements the proposed method is also presented. Experimental results in evaluating the method are reported. The experiments include test sequence generation, tests execution, code coverage measurement for a case study implemented in Java, and comparison with random tests generation. Benefits and limitations in using model checking are discussed.

Encoding Abstract State Machines in PVS

In this paper we show how the specification and verification system PVS (Prototype Verification System) can provide tool support for Abstract State Machines (ASMs), especially oriented towards automatic proof checking and mechanized proving of properties. Useful templates are presented which allow encoding of ASM models into PVS without any extra users skill. We prove the transformation preserves the ASM semantics and provide a framework for an automatic tool, prototypically implemented, which translates ASM specifications in PVS. The ASM specification of the Production Cell given in [4] is taken as case study to show how to formalize multi-agent ASMs in PVS and prove properties.

AsmetaSMV: a way to link high-level ASM models to low-level NuSMV specifications

This paper presents AsmetaSMV, a model checker for Abstract State Machines (ASMs). It has been developed with the aim of enriching the ASMETA (ASM mETAmodeling) toolset – a set of tools for ASMs – with the capabilities of the model checker NuSMV to verify properties of ASM models written in the AsmetaL language. We describe the general architecture of AsmetaSMV and the process of automatically mapping ASM models into NuSMV programs. As a proof of concepts, we report the results of using AsmetaSMV to verify temporal properties of various case studies of different characteristics and complexity.

A Metamodel-based Language and a Simulation Engine for Abstract State Machines

In this paper, we present a concrete textual notation, called AsmetaL, and a general-purpose simulation engine, called AsmetaS, for Abstract State Machine (ASM) specifications. They have been developed as part of the ASMETA (ASMs mETAmodelling) toolset, which is a set of tools for ASMs based on the metamod- elling approach of the Model-driven Engineering. We briefly present the ASMETA framework, and we discuss how the language and the simulator have been developed exploiting the advantages offered by the metamodelling approach. We introduce the language AsmetaL used to write ASM specifications, and we provide the AsmetaL encoding of ASM specifications of increasing complexity. We explain the AsmetaS ar- chitecture, its kernel engine, and how the simulator works within the ASMETA tool set. We discuss the features currently supported by the simulator and how it has been validated.