Elvira M. R. Pedrosa

Meloidogyne mayaguensis on Psidium guajava in Rio Grande do Norte

ABSTRACT Meloidogyne mayaguensis on Psidium guajava in Rio Grande doNorte This paper reports the occurrence of Meloidogynemayaguensis on Psidium guajava cv. Paluma in the State of RioGrande do Norte, Brazil. O Laboratorio de Agricultura Irrigada da Escola Superiorde Agricultura de Mossoro – ESAM, Rio Grande do Norte,recebeu, em junho de 2003, amostras de solo de rizosfera degoiabeira ( Psidium guajava L.) cv. Paluma e sistemas radicularesdeficientes constituidos por poucas raizes, finas e necrosadas,coletadas em pomar com aproximadamente 500 plantas, comsete anos de idade, situado no municipio de Touros–RN.Segundo o proprietario, as plantas doentes expressavamsintomas de amarelecimento e declinio, e distribuiam-se emreboleiras.Para diagnostico, amostras foram encaminhadas aoLaboratorio de Fitonematologia da Universidade Federal Ruralde Pernambuco; das quais aliquotas de solo de 300 cm 3 foramdestinadas ao processamento por flotacao centrifuga, segundoJenkins (1964) (Plant Disease Reporter, v.48, p.692, 1964), e 10g de raizes para trituracao em liquidificador, por 20 s, associadaa flotacao centrifuga. Nas amostras de solo e de raiz foramdetectadas 440 e 11.380 formas juvenis do segundo estadio,respectivamente, de

Avaliação de solos sob diferentes períodos de aplicação com vinhaça

The objective of this study was to evaluate physico-chemical alterations associated to soil depth and respective correlations in soils under periods of different stillage fertigation. Therefore, four areas were selected at Usina Santa Tereza: Area 1), irrigated with stillage for 3 years; Area 2), for 7 years; Area 3), 10 years; Area 4), without stillage application. In each area 20 points were demarcated and georeferenced, forming a mesh. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0 - 10, 10 - 20 and 20 - 40 cm. After sampling, the soil was air dried, prepared and passed through sieves for analysis of particle size: sand, silt, clay, and for the physico-chemical properties: exchangeahle Ca, Mg, K, Na; pH (1:2.5 soil: water); and electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract. Simple linear correlation coefficients of Pearson between pairs of data were obtained. The results pointed out relation between depth and other variables in all areas, indicating stillage application alters cation concentration depending on soil characteristics and management of each area.

Avaliação do conforto térmico e desempenho de frangos de corte sob regime de criação diferenciado

Esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar tres sistemas de criacao para frangos de corte industrial, visando caracterizar o ambiente termico e o desempenho animal. O experimento foi realizado no decorrer de 42 dias, desenvolvido em modulos de producao, divididos em 15 boxes com 10 aves por box, submetidas a tres sistemas de criacao: semi-confinado com 3 m2 por ave de area de piquete (SC 3), semi-confinado com 6 m2 por ave de area de piquete (SC 6) e confinamento total (CONF). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) em parcelas subdivididas e medias comparadas pelo teste Tukey (P < 0,05). As variaveis meteorologicas e os indices de conforto apontam o sistema de criacao SC 3 como o que permitiu melhor condicionamento termico natural as aves, apresentando valores medios da ordem de 25,4 °C, 69,9 kJ kg-1 e 75,7 para temperatura de bulbo seco (Tbs), entalpia (h) e indice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU), respectivamente. Os parâmetros fisiologicos frequencia respiratoria (mov min-1) e temperatura cloacal (°C) indicaram valores medios mais adequados nas aves submetidas ao sistema de criacao SC 3. Os sistemas de criacao promoveram alteracoes no desempenho das aves para consumo de racao (CR) e peso corporal (PC) nos sistemas SC 3 e CONF, comparativamente ao SC 6, que apresentou prejuizo no desempenho.

Compressibilidade de um Argissolo Amarelo distrocoeso submetido a diferentes manejos

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the compressibility of an Ultisol submitted to different managements of sugarcane cultivation. The investigation was carried out at Triunfo Mill, in the State of Alagoas, Brazil. The testing area was composed by four distinct sub-areas: a preserved forest (NF), an area without irrigation (MWOI), an irrigated area (MWI), and an area with vinasse (MWV). All investigated areas, except the forest, were prepared using conventional equipment for soil preparation. Soil samples were collected within depths ranging from 0 to 20 cm, 20 to 40 cm, and 40 to 60 cm. A trench was dug in the four selected areas and four undeformed samples were collected in each depth. The samples were collected with metallic rings with dimensions of 6.4 cm in diameter and 2.5 cm in height. In the laboratory, the samples were previously saturated and submitted to soil suctions raging from 0.1 to 1500 kPa in order to build the soil-water characteristic curves. Confined compression tests were performed with saturated samples. The results obtained from the compression tests were used for the determination of the void ratio (e) and the pre-consolidation stress (σp) of the tested samples. Data were submitted to regression analysis and the differences among the obtained means were compared using the test of Tukey at 5% of probability. Regression analysis for pre-consolidation stress in function of water content (Ug) and correlations among the several variables were carried out at 5-% significance. Within all investigated areas, the depth range from 0 to 20 cm showed to be more susceptible to compaction in relation to the depth range from 20 to 40 cm. Management MWV was found to modify the compressive behavior of the soil in both depth ranges. In all investigated areas, the soil bearing capacity was higher in the depth range of 20 to 40 cm.

Interactions between an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Scutellospora heterogama) and the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on sweet passion fruit (Passiflora alata)

The effects of inoculation of sweet passion fruit plants with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Scutellospora heterogama on the symptoms produced by Meloidogyne incognita race 1 and its reproduction were evaluated in two greenhouse experiments. In the 1st, the M. incognita (5000 eggs/plant) and S. heterogama (200 spores/plant) inoculations were simultaneous; in the 2nd, the nematodes were inoculated 120 days after the fungal inoculation. In both the experiments, 220 days after AM fungal inoculation, plant growth was stimulated by the fungus. In disinfested soil, control seedlings (without S. heterogama) were intolerant to parasitism of M. incognita, while the growth of mycorrhized seedlings was not affected. Sporulation of S. heterogama was negatively affected by the nematodes that did not impair the colonization. M. incognita did not affect mycorrhizal seedling growth. The establishment of mycorrhiza prior to the nematode infection contributed for the reduction of symptoms severity and reproduction of M. incognita in disinfested soil.

Características hidráulicas e perdas de solo e água sob cultivo do feijoeiro no semi-árido

The semiarid zone presents scarce and irregular rainfall with frequent droughts, with the occurrence of high intensity events being usual. The soils are shallow and stony, which limits regular agriculture practice, usually reducing productivity and turning this environment susceptible to erosion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of conservation practices, under bean crop, upon soil and water losses by the hydric erosion, in a Fluvic Neossol in the semiarid zone, with rainfed crop. Simulated rainfall has been applied with 60 mm h-1 intensity under the following treatments: cultivation in contour lines (N1) with rock barriers between each row of plantation, spacing 0.5 m; cultivation in contour lines (N2) with rock barriers between each row of plantation, spacing 1.0 m; downslope cultivation (DS); cultivation in contour lines with mulch cover (MC), using bean straws; cleared bare soil (CB) and natural covering (CN). Among the used treatments, the mulch cover option allowed, on average, a soil loss reduction of 86.91% in relation to the plot with cleared bare soil, with values close to the ones for the ideal condition of covering, which is the natural condition, during whole crop cycle.

Bem-estar na produção de frango de corte em diferentes sistemas de criação

This research was carried out to evaluate different housing systems for broiler chickens production, characterizing the thermal environment, physiological parameters and animal behavior. The experiment was conducted in a production cycle of 42 days, in the city of Carpina, state of Pernambuco, Brazil, at the Experimental Station for Small Animals of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). The survey was developed in production module divided into 15 boxes with 10 birds per box and density of the 10 birds per m2, totaling 150 birds, submitted to the three housing systems: semi-confined with 3m2 per broiler of paddock area (SC 3), semi-confined with 6m2 per broiler of paddock area (SC 6) and total confinement (CONF). The experimental design for data general analysis was completely randomized (CRD), in split plots, being the weeks allocated in the plots and the accommodation systems (SC 3, SC 6, CONF and EXT) in the sub-plots with the averages compared through the Tukey test. The meteorological variables, comfort indexes and physiological parameters indicated the semi-confined system of accommodation SC 3 as one that allowed better natural conditioning heat to the birds, presenting the average values of 25.4oC, 69.9 kJ kg-1, 75.7, 65.12 movements min-1 and 41.92oC for dry bulb temperature, enthalpy, black globe humidity index, respiratory rate and cloacal temperature, respectively. The birds subjected to the semi-confined system SC 3 were those that had better opportunity to express their natural behavior and explore the external environment to the module of production, leveraging the animal welfare.

Compaction of a Ultisol submitted to different managements.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility to compaction of an utisoil under different soil managements and use. Evaluations were based on both maximum density (MD) and critical humidity (CH) through Standard Proctor compaction tests, and the degree of compaction in different soil managements and use. The study was carried out at the Triunfo Mill, State of Alagoas in Brazil. The testing area consisted of four distinct sub-areas: a preserved forest (MA), an area without irrigation (MSI), an irrigated area (MCI), and an area with vinasse (MCV). Undeformed soil samples were collected for soil density and the deformed ones for organic matter and Standard Proctor tests in order to obtain MD, CH and the compaction grade (CG). Plots (50 × 50 m) were randomized within the four areas at depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, with three replications. Data were submitted to variance analyses, and means compared through the Tukey test at 5% of probability. MD data followed the grade MSI > MCI > MCV > MA, in contrast to CH which presented the inverse sequence. Therefore MSI and MCI can cause soil degradation, even at lower CH. Only MCI presented CG higher than 4.3%, the critical value reference, at 0-20 cm.

Desenvolvimento e acúmulo de macronutrientes em plantas de milho biofertilizadas com manipueira

Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o desenvolvimento vegetativo e o acumulo de macronutrientes em plantas de milho submetidas as doses de manipueira. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido no periodo de marco a maio de 2011. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 (tipos de solo: franco-arenoso e franco-argiloso) × 4 (doses de manipueira: 0; 11,2; 22,4 e 44,8 m3 ha-1), com oito repeticoes. As variaveis analisadas foram: altura das plantas, diâmetro de colmos, numero de folhas, materia fresca e materia seca da parte aerea das plantas e teores de N, P, K, Ca e Mg no tecido foliar. O aumento das doses de manipueira elevou o conteudo de massa fresca, o teor de nitrogenio e potassio da parte aerea das plantas, mas diminuiu a altura das plantas e o teor de magnesio na parte aerea das plantas. Os acrescimos de materia seca e de calcio na parte aerea das plantas foram maiores no solo franco-arenoso.

Bioclimatic behavior of free-range rustic broilers in enriched paddocks

Conduziu-se esta pesquisa com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do enriquecimento ambiental em sistema de producao para frangos de corte caipira, determinando a influencia dos elementos meteorologicos e seu reflexo nos aspectos comportamentais das aves. O experimento foi realizado em 87 dias, na Estacao Experimental de Pequenos Animais da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, desenvolvido em quatro modulos de producao e cada modulo dividido em quatro boxes com 10 aves por box, totalizando 160 aves, submetidas aos modulos de producao com acesso a piquete, acesso a piquete com poleiro, acesso a piquete com sombreamento artificial e acesso a piquete com poleiro e sombreamento artificial. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas e medias comparadas pelo teste Tukey. O modulo de producao com acesso a piquete com poleiro e sombreamento artificial foi aquele que permitiu melhor condicionamento termico as aves, apresentando valor medio para entalpia de 75,95 kJ kg-1, alem de promover melhor oportunidade de expressar seus comportamentos naturais e de explorar o ambiente externo ao modulo de producao, potencializando o bem-estar animal.