Elvis Felipe Elli

Influência do espaçamento nas características energéticas de espécies arbóreas em plantios de curta rotação

This study aimed to determine the higher heating value (PCS) of trees and basic density weighted (ρb pond) of wood of Acacia mearnsii De Wild, Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, Mimosa scabrella Benth and Ateleia glazioviana Baill distributed in different spacings in planting: 2.0 x 1.0 m, 2.0 x 1.5 m, 3.0 x 1.0 m and 3.0 x 1.5 m, at ages of 1 and 3 years. The study was conducted in an experiment in the city of Frederico Westphalen, State of RS, in experimental design of randomized complete block design with three replications in a split plots. The determination of the PCS of the trees was made from the weighting of the values obtained in each compartment (wood, bark, twig and leaf) using calorimeter bomb. The determination of ρb pond was performed from the weighting of the values recorded on discs collected at different positions along the stem, using the method of hydrostatic balance and dry mass. The PCS of all species in the first year after planting was higher than the third year, highlighting the Acacia mearnsii with the highest averages. The ρb pond had no systematic trend of increase or decrease over time, and the species Acacia mearnsii and Ateleia glazioviana showed the highest values. The different planting spacings did not induce the change in PCS and ρb pond in the species studied and it was not verified a positive or negative systematic trend in relation to the living space provided by the spacing.

EFFECT OF PLANTING AGE AND SPACING ON ENERGY PROPERTIES OF Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill EX Maiden

This study aimed to determine the effect of planting age and spacing on energy properties of different compartments of the biomass of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, disseminated in different spacings: 2.0 x 1.0 m, 2.0 x 1.5 m, 3.0 x 1.0 m e 3.0 x 1.5 m, in the 1st, 3rd and 5th year after the planting. The present study was carried out as an experiment installed in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks in three replications. Variables determined were Biomass (BIO), Gross Calorific Value (GCV), Basic Density (BD), Energy Productivity (EP), Energy Density (ED), Fixed Carbon Content (FCC), Volatile Material Content (VMC), and Ash Content (AC). Ages have an effect on all studied variables, and in the 5th year after planting, the largest BIO, EP, BD, ED and FCC values are checked. The planting spacings induce different productions of BIO and EP, with a trend towards lower values with increasing planting spacing in all assessed periods. The compartments of trees influence BIO, GCV, FCC, VMC and AC variables. Regarding to energy, the higher the age and lower the planting spacing, the better the energy properties of biomass.

Relações fisiológicas em mudas de pata-de-vaca (Bauhinia forficata Link)

Environmental elements, such as air temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation, affect the physiological behavior of plants, which is reflected in their growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological changes of Brazilian Orchid Tree seedlings over a typical day and find the best time to carry out determinations of gas exchanges. For this end, we evaluated temperature of the leaf, photosynthetically active radiation, stomatal resistance and perspiration, using a porometer, from 8:00 a.m. to 05:00 p.m., in intervals of one hour between measurements. The species presents oscillations in its physiologic mechanism in function of the time of evaluation and climatic conditions, being the most suitable interval to determine gas exchanges from 10:00 a.m. to 01:00 p.m.

Physiological potential in rice seeds treated with a plant bioregulator

Os biorreguladores sao compostos naturais ou sinteticos que tem a capacidade de estimular o desenvolvimento radicular e melhorar o desempenho das sementes. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da utilizacao do biorregulador vegetal Stimulate® no potencial fisiologico de sementes de arroz. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, sendo quatro cultivares de arroz (IRGA Puita, IRGA 417, IRGA 421, IRGA 424) e cinco doses de Stimulate® (0; 3; 6; 9 e 12 mL kg-1 de sementes), sendo avaliadas as seguintes caracteristicas: teste de germinacao, primeira contagem, plântulas anormais, teste de frio, teste de envelhecimento acelerado, emergencia a campo, indice de velocidade de emergencia, massa seca de plântula, comprimento da raiz primaria e comprimento da parte aerea. A analise de variância identificou efeitos significativos na interacao Cultivar x Dose em todas as variaveis, exceto para o teste de frio e o comprimento da parte aerea. O uso de bioestimulante proporcionou o aumento da germinacao das sementes com potencial fisiologico reduzido e acrescimo no vigor das sementes de todas as cultivares. O potencial fisiologico de sementes de arroz e influenciado pela utilizacao de Stimulate®. As doses de 3 e 6 mL kg-1 de sementes sao as mais recomendadas para a cultura, proporcionando aumentos significativos no seu desempenho fisiologico.

Avaliação do efeito de doses e fontes de nitrogênio sobre variáveis morfológicas, interceptação de radiação e produtividade do girassol

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de doses e de fontes de nitrogenio sobre as variaveis morfologicas relacionadas com a produtividade de dois cultivares de girassol. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 x 2, com cinco doses de adubacao nitrogenada (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1), duas fontes de nitrogenio (N), fertilizante convencional (ureia), com 44% de N e fertilizante nitrogenado de liberacao lenta, com 26% de N, e dois cultivares de girassol (Olisun 3 e Aguara 6), com tres repeticoes. Avaliaram-se altura de plantas, indice de area foliar, interceptacao de radiacao global, massa de mil aquenios, diâmetro do capitulo, produtividade de aquenios e estimou-se o teor de clorofila. Doses crescentes de N promovem aumento do indice de area foliar e de interceptacao da radiacao global, do florescimento pleno e da produtividade do girassol, de forma diferenciada entre cultivares. O fertilizante nitrogenado de liberacao lenta possibilita indice de area foliar, no inicio de enchimento de aquenios, maior que o obtido por uso de ureia, a partir da dose de 120 kg ha-1 de N. O cultivar Olisun 3 apresenta maior indice de area foliar no florescimento pleno e maior produtividade, a partir das doses de 80 e de 120 kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente.

Growth of tree species and sugarcane production in agroforestry systems

The appropriate choice of tree species and planting arrangement for use in agroforestry systems is very important in order to maximize productivity and sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of five tree species and its effect on sugarcane yields in different planting arrays in agroforestry systems. The study was conducted from 2007 to 2011 in the city of Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil. The five studied tree species were: guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahybae), bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella), canafístula (Peltophorum dubium), angico-vermelho (Parapiptadenia rigida) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake x Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden). Root collar diameter, diameter at breast height, plant height and mean diameter of crown were evaluated for four years with an interval of 90 days between assessments. Yield data for sugarcane were collected in June 2009, 2010, and 2011. Eucalypt presented the greatest root collar diameter values, diameter at breast height, crown development, and plant height. Angico-vermelho, canafístula and eucalypt presented a higher growth in the strip system, while guapuruvu presented the greater growth in the line system. Bracatinga was not influenced by an arrangement in the agroforestry systems. Sugarcane presented greater production in the understory of angico and bracatinga.

Effects of growth reducer and nitrogen fertilization on morphological variables, SPAD index, interception of radiation and productivity of wheat

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth reducer and nitrogen fertilization on morphological variables, SPAD index, radiation interception, and grain yield of three cultivars of wheat. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial scheme 3x5x2, with three cultivars (Mestre, Iguacu and Itaipu), five nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 Kg ha-1), and application or no application of a growth reducer, with three replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, SPAD index, leaf area index (LAI), Global Radiation Interception (GRI) and grain yield. The Tukey test (p < 0.05) was used for the comparison between the means of cultivar and growth reducer factors, and for a regression analysis to evaluate N levels. Increasing the dose of nitrogen promotes an increase in LAI of plants of wheat crops differently among cultivars, which leads to a greater degree of global radiation interception. At doses higher or equal to 120 Kg ha-1 of nitrogen, there are significant differences in grain yield between treatments with and without the application of the growth reducer. The significant interaction between growth reducer and nitrogen dose, showed that applications of growth reducer increase the GRI at doses above and below 80 Kg ha-1 of nitrogen. Nitrogen rates of 138 and 109 Kg ha-1 are responsible for maximum grain yields of wheat, which is 4235 and 3787 Kg ha-1 with and without the use of growth reducer, respectively.