Elwood L. Shafer

How to measure preferences for photographs of natural landscapes

Abstract Shafer Jr, E.L. and Brush, R.O., 1977. How to measure preferences for photographs of natural landscapes. Landscape Plann., 4: 237–256. A regression model is described that predicts preference scores for black and white photographs of natural landscapes. Examples are presented on how the model can be applied to individual and groups of landscape photographs; and theory development suggested by the models terms are discussed. Decision makers can use the model: to help plan and manage natural landscapes for an optimum range of scenic preferences; to prepare environmental impact statements related to the aesthetic quality of the landscape; and to monitor trends in environmental quality.

Landscape Preferences: An International Replication

A landscape preference study, originally conducted in the United States, was replicated in Scotland. Ranked preference values for black and white photographs of natural landscapes were very similar...

The informal interview as a technique for recreation research.

ABSTRACTSurvey research conducted with formal interviews and questionnaires is subject to a number of possible biases. One potential way to check for such bias is in the systematic application of i...

Some thoughts on the application of new technology to resource management needs

AbstractA brief insight into the phenomena of technology transfer are reviewed. With this as background material two propositions are stated:Proposition 1.Technology emerges from the human mind into widespread economic reality, with resulting social impacts over a long period of time. This is the process of technological innovation.Proposition 2.There always are some distinctive events, points or stages in this process that mark progress. If they can be identified, progress can be measured and related to time, cost, performance, resource usage, possible impact and other attributes. It is argued that there are at least eight identifiable stages of the process. These stages are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.