Elyce Anne Biddle

Comparison of two fatal occupational injury surveillance systems in the United States.

INTRODUCTION Using different methods, two national systems compile fatal occupational injury data in the United States: the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). The NTOF uses only death certificates, while CFOI uses multiple sources for case ascertainment. METHODS Through overall and case-by-case comparisons, this study compares these systems and evaluates counts for the nation and by state for worker and case characteristics. RESULTS From 1992 through 1994, NTOF reported an average of 84% of the number of traumatic occupational fatalities reported in CFOI. This percentage changed somewhat when a case-by-case comparison was conducted--88% of the NTOF cases were matched directly to the CFOI cases. Although CFOI captured a larger number of fatalities annually, the additional fatalities did not follow a discernable pattern. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY By understanding the distribution of fatalities, targeted efforts to reduce them will benefit all industries.

The Epidemiology of Slips, Trips, and Falls in a Helicopter Manufacturing Plant

Objective: The purpose of this evaluation was to evaluate the causes and costs of slips, trips, and falls (STFs) in a helicopter manufacturing plant. Background: STFs are a significant portion of the total industry injury burden. Method: For this study, 4,070 helicopter plant workers who were employed from January 1, 2004, through February 28, 2008, were enrolled. Company records on workers’ compensation claims, occupational health first report of injury, and payroll records on hours worked were collected. Cause and source of all injuries, including STFs, were coded for analysis. Results: During the 4-year study period, there were 2,378 injuries and 226 STFs (46 falls [20%] to a lower level, 117 [52%] falls on the same level, 41 [18%] from loss of balance without a fall, and 22 [10%] from other events). Of the 226 STFs, 123 falls to the same level were caused by slippery substances (52), objects on floor (43), and surface hazards (28), and they cost

Installing a cost-effective rollover protective structure (CROPS): a cost-effectiveness analysis

1,543,946. Falls to lower levels primarily involved access to stands to and from aircraft and falling off large machines. Conclusion: More than half of the STF injury claims likely could have been prevented by housekeeping and maintenance, and this cost saving could reasonably offset a considerable portion of the cost of prevention. Training and stand modifications could be considered to prevent falls from elevation from stands, machines, and aircraft. Application: Recommendations for STF prevention are discussed.

Is the Societal burden of fatal occupational injury different among NORA industry sectors

Cost-effective rollover protective structures (CROPS) are tractor model-specific rollover protective structures (ROPS) that are as effective as existing ROPS retrofits (passed standardized structural static testing such as SAE J2194), but less costly (less than one-half the cost of existing ROPS retrofits). This study estimated the expected effects and costs at a per-tractor level for two options: No-CROPS and Install-CROPS. Expected injuries per tractor were 0.00169 with no CROPS and 0.00016 with CROPS installed, resulting in 0.00153 injuries prevented per tractor over a 20-year period. Expected costs were

Fire- and flame-related occupational fatalities in the United States, 1980-1994

457 and

Action Learning: A New Method to Increase Tractor Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) Adoption

248 with and without CROPS, respectively, over the same time period, giving the cost per injury prevented as

A stable dynamic cohort analysis of installing cost-effective rollover protective structures (CROPS)

136,601. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses indicated that the probability of an overturn is one of the most important variables. When the cost of intervention (

Will Risks to Older Workers Change in the 21st Century

1,000 for purchasing, shipping, and installation of ROPS retrofit) is used in the analysis, the cost-effectiveness ratio is

Fire and flame related events with multiple occupational injury fatalities in the United States, 1980–1995

497,000 per injury prevented over the 20-year period. Thus, installing CROPS instead of existing ROPS retrofits improved the cost-effectiveness ratio substantially, with a 73% reduction in the net cost per injury prevented.

Social and economic impacts of workplace illness and injury: Current and future directions for research

PROBLEM Since the implementation of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, safety and health in the work environment has seen marked improvement. Although these improvements are laudable, workplace hazards continue to plague the American worker. Understanding the economic burden of fatalities by industry sector is important to setting broad occupational safety and health research priorities. Cost estimates provide additional information about how fatal injuries affect society and hence can improve injury prevention program planning, policy analysis, evaluation, and advocacy. METHOD This study estimated the total, mean, and median societal costs by worker and case characteristic in 2003-2006 for the industry sectors identified in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). Analyses were conducted with restricted access to the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries data. These data exclude military personnel, decedents with unknown age or sex, and fatalities occurring in New York City. Societal costs were estimated using the cost-of-illness approach, which combines direct and indirect costs to yield an overall cost of an fatal occupational injury. RESULTS During this period, the cost of the 22,197 fatal occupational injuries exceeded