Elzbieta Warchalowska-Sliwa

Cytogenetic variability of European tettigoniinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae); karyotypes, C- and Ag-NOR-banding.

Karyotypes, C-banding pattern and localization ofnucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in 34 European species and subspecies belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae are described (the karyotypes of 26 species for the first time). In the males chromosome numbers vary from 2n=33 to 2n=23 and Fundamental Numbers (FN) from 36 to 27. The highest number of chromosomes for this group, 2nmale=33 (FN=33), was found in Psorodonotus illyricus macedonicus. In species belonging to genera Decticus, Metrioptera, Anterastes, Bucephaloptera, Parapholidoptera, and Eupholidoptera, as well as in Pholidoptera frivaldskyi and Pholidoptera griseoaptera, a karyotype of2n=30+XO (FN=31) was found. Ph. macedonica and Ph. aptera aptera are characterized by 2n=28+X0 (FN=31). In species from genera Drymadusa (D. dorsalis limbata) 2n=26+X0: FN=30 and Gampsocleis (G. abbreviata), karyotypes of 2n=22+X0 (FN=36) were found. Ph. macedonica and Ph. aptera aptera as well as G. abbreviata differ in karyotypes from other representatives of these genera. New data confirmed that Robertsonian fusions and tandem fusions played the most important role in the evolution of the chromosome set in Tettigoniinae. Cytogenetic similarities and differences between particular species are discussed.

The genus Aerotegmina (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Hexacentrinae): chromosomes, morphological relations, phylogeographical patterns and description of a new species

The genus Aerotegmina Hemp is common on East African mountains. Two species are known and a third, A. taitensis n. sp., is described in this paper. A. kilimandjarica Hemp is widespread while A. shengenae Hemp is endemic to the South Pare Mountains and A. taitensis n. sp. is known only from the Taita Hills. Morphologically, and from their song, A. shengenae and A. taitensis n. sp. are closely related. In chromosome number A. kilimandjarica (2n = 33) differs clearly from A. shengenae (2n = 27). Data presented on other flightless Orthoptera suggest that the South Pare Mountains and the Taita Hills, both belonging to the geologically old mountain chain of the Eastern Arc, show a faunistic similarity not shared by any other mountain range in the area. The mechanisms that led to this phylogeographic pattern in flightless Orthoptera in the Eastern Arc Mountains of northern Tanzania and southern Kenya and the inland volcanoes are discussed. A key to the three Aerotegmina species is presented, as well as bioacoustical data of all species compared to the phaneropterine species Euryastes jagoi.

Origin of Chromosomal Rearrangement: Phylogenetic Relationship Between X0/XX and XY/XX Chromosomal Races in the Brachypterous Grasshopper Podisma sapporensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Abstract The brachypterous grasshopper Podisma sapporensis Shiraki (Orthoptera: Acrididae) consists of two major chromosomal races with different sex chromosome systems. In the X0/XX race, the diploid number of chromosomes is 2n = 23 (X0) in males and 2n = 24 (XX) in females. In the XY/XX race, the diploid number is 2n = 22 (XY) in males and 2n = 22 (XX) in females, owing to Robertsonian fusion between an autosome and the X chromosome. The X0/XX and XY/XX races are allopatrically distributed, and each race contains geographical populations characterized by different chromosomal inversions. A previous hypothesis suggested that the XY/XX race was derived from the X0/XX race. To test this hypothesis, we examined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation in two regions (cytochrome oxidase subunit II and 16S ribosomal DNA) among 29 P. sapporensis individuals representing five X0/XX and 12 XY/XX populations. The maximum parsimony tree of mtDNA indicated that neither of the two chromosomal races was monophyletic. Northern populations of XY/XX race did not join a clade consisting of more southern XY/XX populations but were included in a clade consisting of X0/XX populations. On the basis of these results, we propose two hypotheses for the differentiation between the northern and southern XY/XX populations. First, the XY/XX karyotype may have occurred more than once. Second, introgression of mtDNA may have occurred across adjacent populations possessing different karyotypes.