Emanuele Tarantino

Changes in seed yield and oil fatty acid composition of high oleic sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in relation to the sowing date and the water regime

Sunflower is one of the most cultivated oil crops in the world. Recently, high oleic acid cultivars have been developed whose oil has higher oxidative stability and better dietary properties than standard genotypes. In Mediterranean environments where water deficit frequently occurs, early sowing and irrigation are used to overcome environmental constraints due to water scarcity. Since, in the literature, the data on the effect of these agronomic techniques on sunflower oil quality are scarce and contrasting, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the sowing time and the water regime on seed yield and oil quality of high oleic hybrids in a Mediterranean environment. For this purpose, two high oleic hybrids (Platon and Vyp70) sown in spring at two different dates were cultivated in southern Italy under two water regimes (irrigated and non-irrigated) in 1996 and 1997. Yield and its main components were positively affected by irrigation and by the earlier sowing date. With regard to fatty acid composition, a decrease in oleic and stearic acid and an increase in linoleic and palmitic acid were observed under irrigation. At early sowing, oleic and palmitic acid decreased whereas linoleic and stearic acid increased. The decrease in the oleic/linoleic acid ratio observed at early sowing and under irrigation, suggests a possible role of temperature on the activity of oleate desaturase in the developing seeds.

Impact of the reusing of food manufacturing wastewater for irrigation in a closed system on the microbiological quality of the food crops

In order to evaluate if the reuse of food industry treated wastewater is compatible for irrigation of food crops, without increased health risk, in the present study a cropping system, in which ground water and treated wastewater were used for irrigation of tomato and broccoli, during consecutive crop seasons was monitored. Water, crop environment and final products were monitored for microbial indicators and pathogenic bacteria, by conventional and molecular methods. The microbial quality of the irrigation waters influenced sporadically the presence of microbial indicators in soil. No water sample was found positive for pathogenic bacteria, independently from the source. Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were detected in soil samples, independently from the irrigation water source. No pathogen was found to contaminate tomato plants, while Listeria monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 were detected on broccoli plant, but when final produce were harvested, no pathogen was detected on edible part. The level of microbial indicators and detection of pathogenic bacteria in field and plant was not dependent upon wastewater used. Our results, suggest that reuse of food industry wastewater for irrigation of agricultural crop can be applied without significant increase of potential health risk related to microbial quality.

Agricultural in protect areas: agronomic aspects

Among the various aims of the protect lands, as expressed by the art. 1 of the L. 394/91, there is “the promotion of educational, formative, experimental and interdisciplinary activities, as well as recreational activities”. Considering the multiplicity of the protect areas functions as well as the interests and the problems involved in their management, the most suitable research in this field is that according to a “systemic” approach. It concerns the study of the most high hierarchical levels: agricultural, farming and agro-territorial levels. The researches regard not only the environmental sustainability of crops production, including the control of the erosion risks and the management of the pasturing areas, but also other aspects that result less conventional than the classical questions of the Agronomy. They include the land planning, the productions of local and typical markets, the production dependent on the organic farming on the environmental preservation, the management of areas which result of particular interest for wild fauna, the renaturalization of degraded areas, the eco-sustainable management of water resources, the multifunctional agriculture, the landscape improvement and the biodiversity enhancement.