Emi Yasuda

Focal hepatic steatosis surrounding a metastatic insulinoma

Reported herein is a case of focal hepatic steatosis surrounding a metastatic insulinoma in the liver of a 69‐year‐old woman. The patient complained of losing consciousness after meals, and hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were confirmed. On CT and abdominal angiography a mass, 1 cm in diameter, was seen in the tail of the pancreas. In the early phase of dynamic CT a mass, 5 mm in diameter, was seen in the liver. In the late phase this mass appeared to be 3 cm in diameter. An arterial calcium stimulation/venous sampling test showed insulin levels after calcium injections in the hepatic artery to be extremely high. Thus, the liver tumor was diagnosed as a metastatic insulinoma, and distal pancreatectomy and partial resection of the liver were performed. The pancreatic tumor cells were immunohistochemically positive for insulin. The liver tumor was pale yellow. A white area surrounded the tumor. Histologically, the liver tumor was an insulinoma and the white area was focal fatty change of the liver. High insulin levels are said to inhibit oxidation of free fatty acids into triglycerides, causing free fatty acids to accumulate in hepatocytes. Focal hepatic steatosis caused by the local effects of insulin can present as a focal rim surrounding a metastatic insulinoma.

A Case of Eccrine Porocarcinoma: Usefulness of Immunostain for S-100 Protein in the Diagnoses of Recurrent and Metastatic Dedifferentiated Lesions

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignant tumor. Immunostain for S-100 protein, in addition to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), is described to be useful in the diagnosis. Herein, we report a case of eccrine porocarcinoma with immunostain for S-100 protein which was useful in diagnoses of recurrent and metastatic lesions. The primary lesion in the left inguinal region was excised, but it recurred on the same site 14 months after the resection. The recurrent lesion showed epithelioid melanocytic findings. Three months later, metastasis to the lungs was found. Since these recurrent and metastatic lesions were dedifferentiated, typical histologic findings of eccrine porocarcinoma disappeared in biopsied specimens. Nevertheless, scattered immunoreactive cells for S-100 protein were maintained in these dedifferentiated lesions. S-100 protein positive cells could be an aid to diagnose, even if histologic findings of recurrent and metastatic lesions have changed by dedifferentiation.

Collecting duct renal cell carcinoma with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis: an autopsy case report.

A 57-year-old Japanese man visited our hospital with a moist cough. Chest radiographic imaging showed a left hilar shadow. Adenocarcinoma cells were found on cytologic screening of fresh sputum. Although multiple metastases including brain were detected, no tumor was observed in the kidneys. The patient underwent whole-brain irradiation and chemotherapy for advanced-stage lung cancer. One month before his death, carcinomatous meningitis was detected. Hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality, and hypertonic urine suggested the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis. Restricting water intake improved the hyponatremia; however, he developed fever and hematuria. Despite systemic administration of an antibacterial drug, he died. Primary tumor in the lung was absent, but adenocarcinoma of the right kidney was evident on autopsy. Lectin histochemical analysis of the carcinoma revealed its distal nephron origin, confirming collecting duct carcinoma. Severe carcinomatous meningitis, which is possibly caused the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, was observed, with no cancer involvement of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus.

Blood supply--susceptible formation of melanin pigment in hair bulb melanocytes of mice.

Background: Allogeneic skin grafts onto C57BL/6 mice are rejected, and the rejected skin is replaced by surrounding skin with black hair. In contrast, syngeneic skin grafts are tolerated, and gray hair grows on the grafts. Methods: To explore the mechanism of gray hair growing on the tolerated skin grafts, we prepared full-thickness skin (2-cm square) autografts, 2 (2 cm + 2 cm) horizontal or vertical parallel incisions, and U-shaped (2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm) flaps with or without pedicle vessels. The grafts, incisions, and flaps were fixed by suturing with string and protected by a transparent bandage. On day 14 after the operation, the bandages were removed to observe the color of the hair growing on the skin. Results: Skin autografts from wild-type or hepatocyte growth factor-transgenic (Tg) C57BL/6 mice survived with gray hair, whereas those from steel factor (Kitl)-Tg C57BL/6 mice survived with black hair. In addition, U-shaped flaps lacking both of the 2 main feeding vessels of wild-type mice had gray hair at the tip of the flaps. Light microscopy after staining with hematoxylin and eosin or dihydroxyphenylalanine showed that the formation of melanin pigment in the follicles, but not in the interadnexal skin, was susceptible to the blood supply. Conclusions: Melanin pigment formation in the hair bulb melanocytes appeared to be susceptible to the blood supply, and melanocytosis was promoted in the follicles and in the epidermis of Kitl-Tg C57BL/6 mice.

Generalized milia in an infant with full trisomy 13

1 Pardanani A. How I treat patients with indolent and smoldering mastocytosis (rare conditions but difficult to manage). Blood 2013; 121: 3085–3094. 2 Middelkamp Hup MA, Heide R, Tank B, Mulder PG, Oranje AP. Comparison of mastocytosis with onset in children and adults. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2002; 16: 115–120. 3 Pullarkat V, Bueso-Ramos C, Lai R et al. Systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal hematological non-mast-cell lineage disease: analysis of clinicopathologic features and activating c-kit mutations. Am J Hematol 2003; 73: 12–17. 4 Pollard JA, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB et al. Prevalence and prognostic significance of KIT mutations in pediatric patients with core binding factor AML enrolled on serial pediatric cooperative trials for de novo AML. Blood 2010; 115: 2372–2379. 5 Goemans BF, Zwaan CM, Miller M et al. Mutation in KIT and RAS are frequent events in pediatric core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2005; 19: 1536–1542.

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in patient with cholangiocellular carcinoma.

症例, 73歳, 女性. 肝右葉を置換するように高度に増殖した胆管細胞癌症例の左葉に典型的な結節性再生性過形成がみられた. 結節性再生性過形成の発生機序は門脈枝閉塞による肝内血流の不均等がもたらす肝細胞の萎縮とそれに対する代償反応であると一般に考えられているが, 本症例では門脈枝の病変はごく軽度であった. これに対して, 肝静脈枝は胆管細胞癌の侵襲とそれによると考えられる内膜肥厚のために狭窄, 閉塞していた. したがって, 本症例の結節性再生性過形成の発生には, 右葉の癌置換による肝細胞消失に対する代償性の左葉肝細胞の増生と, 左葉肝静脈枝の癌侵襲による狭窄, 閉塞の結果としての肝内血流の不均等が関与していると考えられた.