Emiko Asai

A new surgical correction of cryptotia: a new flap design and switched double banner flap.

Cryptotia is a congenital auricular anomaly that frequently occurs in Asians. In cryptotia, the upper third of the auricle is collapsed and buried under the temporal skin. We have treated patients who could not be treated by splinting with bent paper clips, using various surgical methods.1–4 Several problems remain, however, such as conspicuous scars, a shallow auriculotemporal sulcus, and incomplete correction of auricular cartilage. Therefore, we devised a new surgical method using a new skin flap design based on Fukuda’s method2 and a new concept of Tanzer’s double banner flap.5 Using this method, we produced good auricular contour with a deep auriculotemporal sulcus and no conspicuous scars.

Facial reanimation using hypoglossal-facial neurorrhaphy with end-to-side coaptation between the jump interpositional nerve graft and hypoglossal nerve: Outcome and duration of preoperative paralysis.

In this report, we described the use of hypoglossal‐facial neurorrhaphy with end‐to‐side coaptation between the jump interpositional nerve graft and the hypoglossal nerve for facial reanimation and analyzed the relationship between the outcome of surgery and duration of preoperative paralysis.

Surgical repair of transverse facial cleft: Oblique vermilion–mucosa incision

Various surgical techniques have been reported for the repair of the transverse facial cleft using a straight-line closure, Z- or W-plasty, local flaps, etc. However, several problems remain such as deviation, distortion and scars in the commissure and cheek. To resolve these problems, we studied the anatomy of the commissure again and devised the most reasonable method for repair of the transverse facial cleft. In our new method, oblique vermilion and mucosa incision lines, 45 degrees to the vermilion-cutaneous junction, were designed. After mucosal closure, the orbicularis muscle was reconstructed by cross-overlap joining the upper muscular bundle over the lower muscular bundle at an angle of 90 degrees. The skin was sutured using horizontal straight-line closure with a small Z-plasty lateral to the nasolabial fold. We performed the new method on seven macrostomias. The patient cohort consisted of four girls and three boys, and their ages ranged from 4 months to 3 years. Symmetrical commissure and natural oral movement was obtained in the past five cases. The scar around the commissure and cheek was inconspicuous in all cases. The new method used the oblique vermilion-mucosa incision and straight-line closure, the cross-overlap joining of the muscular bundles at an angle of 90 degrees , and the horizontal straight-line skin closure with a small Z-plasty lateral to the nasolabial fold. This method, which is anatomically reasonable, can construct a symmetrical and natural commissure without conspicuous scars.

Three-step orbitofacial reconstruction after extended total maxillectomy using free RAM flap and expanded cervicofacial flap with cartilage grafts

Facial defect after an extended total maxillectomy is one of the most difficult deformities to reconstruct aesthetically, because the defect is not only large but also three-dimensional. Although free-flap reconstruction is useful, the patchwork-like scar, bad colour match and poor texture match are major problems. The contracture and displacement of the reconstructed eyelids and eye socket are also serious matters. To resolve these problems, we have performed a three-step reconstruction using a free rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAM) flap and an expanded cervicofacial flap with cartilage grafts. In the first step, a free RAM flap was transplanted to the defect after extended total maxillectomy. In the second step, tissue expanders were placed under the skin of the cheek and neck a year after the RAM flap transplantation. After expansion of the cheek and neck skin, the third step was performed. The inferior part of the external skin island of the RAM flap was raised and sutured to the superior margin of the skin island to create a pouch for the eye socket. Costal cartilage was grafted to reconstruct the orbital floor and malar prominence, and auricular cartilage was grafted to reconstruct the tarsal plates. Finally, the expanded cervicofacial flap was rotated to cover this construct. Two weeks after reconstruction, the neo-eyelids were divided to form the lid fissure. We performed the three-step reconstruction on six cases after extended total maxillectomy. In all cases, a deep and stable eye socket was reconstructed. The reconstructed eyelids and cheek were natural in appearance with good colour and texture match without conspicuous scars. To obtain symmetry and natural appearance in the orbitomaxillary reconstruction, there are five points that should be formed; the eye socket, the groundwork of the eye socket, the orbital floor and malar prominence, the tarsal plates and the surface of the eyelids and cheek. We do not reconstruct the palate to set prosthetic dentures and to clean the surface of the skin island in the nasal cavity. To reconstruct the indispensable five points and achieve satisfying results, we propose this three-step reconstruction.

Two-step hepatic artery reconstruction for a hepatic artery lacking in length for the use of a microclamp in living donor liver transplantation

Highlights • A graft hepatic artery we experienced too short to rotate a microclamp in living donor liver transplantation.• We performed two-step hepatic artery reconstruction.• In the first step, we cut the recipient right hepatic artery and used it as an arterial graft.• The graft hepatic artery was coapted to the distal stump of the arterial graft without a microclamp.• In the second step, the proximal stump of the arterial graft was coapted to the recipient right hepatic artery.

Eyelid reanimation using crossface nerve graft: Relationship between surgical outcome and preoperative paralysis duration

To reanimate the mimetic muscles, crossface nerve graft (CFNG) is an effective surgical option. However, muscle atrophy after facial paralysis may influence the surgical result. We analyzed the relationship between surgical result and preoperative paralysis duration.

Spatiotemporal alterations of autophagy marker LC3 in rat skin fibroblasts during wound healing process

To investigate the possible implications of autophagy, one of the degradation pathways induced by metabolic stress, in the dynamic reconstructive process of wound healing, the appearance and changes of punctate structures for microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), an autophagosome marker, were examined in a rat skin wound healing model. Although the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in Western blotting was not evidently changed during the wound healing process, LC3-positive dots were clearly observed in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and occasionally in macrophages, by immunohistofluorescence microscopy. Some of the LC3-positive dots were colocalized with Atg16L signal, an isolation membrane marker, and electron microscopy revealed the presence of typical autophagosomes in fibroblasts near the margin of the wound. The number of LC3-positive dots per fibroblast increased during the later period of the proliferation phase, and interestingly, it was higher in the margin than the center of the wound. It was also high in the periwound skin area. These results suggest that drastic functional changes in fibroblasts during wound healing process are accompanied by the alteration of the autophagy-lysosomal degradation system.