Emília Addison Machado Moreira

Impact of 6-month caloric restriction on autonomic nervous system activity in healthy, overweight, individuals.

Caloric restriction (CR) increases maximum lifespan but the mechanisms are unclear. Dominance of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) over the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) has been shown to be a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Obesity and aging are associated with increased SNS activity, and weight loss and/or exercise seem to have positive effects on this balance. We therefore evaluated the effect of different approaches of CR on autonomic function in 28 overweight individuals participating in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long‐term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trial. Participants were randomized to either control, CR: 25% decrease in energy intake, CREX: 12.5% CR + 12.5% increase in energy expenditure, or LCD: low‐calorie diet until 15% weight reduction followed by weight maintenance. Autonomic function was assessed by spectral analysis of heart‐rate variability (HRV) while fasting and after a meal. Measurements were performed at baseline and 6 months. HR and SNS index decreased and PNS index increased in all intervention groups but reached significance only in CREX. HR and SNS index increased and PNS index decreased in response to the meal in all intervention groups. The results therefore suggest that weight loss improved SNS/PNS balance especially when CR is combined with exercise.

Oxidative stress markers in adults 2 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Introduction Obesity is a chronic disease associated with oxidative stress. Bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity may affect biomarkers of oxidative stress. Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on blood markers of oxidative stress, such as vitamins C and E, &bgr;-carotene, reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Methods A prospective controlled clinical trial was carried out. The participants were distributed into two groups: a control group (n=35), which was evaluated once, and a bariatric group (n=35), which was evaluated at baseline as well as 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Results After surgery, the BMI decreased from 47.05±1.46 to 30.53±1.14 kg/m2 (P<0.001), but 25.7% of the participants regained weight after 24 months. In relation to the baseline, postsurgery reductions were found in vitamin C (31.9±4.6%, P<0.001), &bgr;-carotene (360.7±368.3%, P<0.001), vitamin E (22.8±4.1%, P<0.001), GSH (6.6±5.2%, P=0.090), CAT (12.7±5.6%, P=0.029), and FRAP (1.2±3.8%, P=0.085) 2 years after RYGB. TBARS levels decreased after 12 months (71.6±2.9%, P<0.001) in relation to the baseline but increased by 195.0±28.2% between the 12th and the 24th month (P<0.001). Conclusion The present findings show that oxidative stress returned 2 years after RYGB. Concentrations of vitamin C, &bgr;-carotene, GSH, CAT, and FRAP were decreased, whereas the concentration of TBARS decreased in the first year but increased in the following year, which may be partly explained by the imbalance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants.

Effects of Calorie Restriction and Soybean and Olive Oils on Oxidative Stress in Obese

Effects of Calorie Restriction and Soybean and Olive Oils on Oxidative Stress in Obese The study evaluated the effect of a hypocaloric-diet with two types of lipids, soybean oil and olive oil, on markers of oxidative stress in blood: activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS).

Metabolic Disorders/ Comorbidities Profile of Adults Undergoing Roux-En-Y Gastric- Bypass in a Brazilian Public Hospital and Risk Mortality Assessment using Edmonton Obesity Staging System: A 13-Year Study

Metabolic Disorders/ Comorbidities Profile of Adults Undergoing Roux-En-Y Gastric- Bypass in a Brazilian Public Hospital and Risk Mortality Assessment using Edmonton Obesity Staging System: A 13- Year Study Obesity is a major contributor to higher mortality and global burden of metabolic disorders (MD)/comorbidities. This study aimed to assess the frequency of obesity related MD/comorbidities of severely obese adults undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in a public Brazilian hospital center for a period of 13 years (1999-2012) and the ability of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System (EOSS) in predicting mortality risk in the studied population. Cross-sectional study carried out from April/1999 to August/2012 in a Brazilian public hospital.