Emilio Micheli

Synthesis of short chain alcohols over a Cs-promoted Cu/ZnO/Cr2O3 catalyst

Abstract An investigation on the effects of the operating conditions on the higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) from syngas over a Cs-doped CuZnCr oxide catalyst has been performed. The effect of temperature, CO/H 2 ratio, space velocity and oxygenates, and water addition to the feed stream has been studied in order to maximize the short-chain alcohols productivity. It has been found that: (i) the reaction temperature is a key-parameter to control the alcohol productivity, and temperatures in the range 560–585 K are adequate for obtaining high production of C 2 C 3 alcohols. Also, in this temperature range the formation of undesired side-products (hydrocarbons) is minimized, (ii) the gradual enrichment of hydrogen in the reactant mixture (in the range H 2 /CO = 0.8−1.65) causes a progressive increase in the formation of methanol and a decrease in the amounts of C 2+ oxygenates, (iii) the product distribution is rather unaffected by space velocity in the range 9040–15300 Ncc/(h g cat ), (iv) the addition of methanol to the CO/H 2 feed stream does not leads to significant variations in the product distribution, (v) the addition of ethanol to the feed stream significantly increases the overall C 2+ oxygenate productivity, (vi) the results obtained upon ester injection to the CO/H 2 feed stream are parallel to those obtained upon injection of the corresponding alcohols, i.e. methyl formate and methyl acetate behave as methanol and ethanol, respectively, (vii) water addition does not significantly affect the methanol synthesis reaction, whereas exerts a dramatic inhibitory effect on the formation of the C 2+ linear and branched alcohols. The observed effect of the operating conditions on the HAS have been discussed in the light of the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of the synthesis.

Kinetics of higher alcohol synthesis over low and high temperature catalysts and simulation of a double-bed reactor

Simplified kinetic models of higher alcohol synthesis over a Cu-based and a Cu-free catalyst were developed, based on previous data. Low-T kinetics and high -T kinetics were combined to simulate a double bed reactor. It was verified that this configuration can significantly improve isobutanol production with respect to standard single-stage reactors.

Ethermix process: Synthesis of ethers from CO/H2

Abstract In the last two decades increasing interest has been devoted world-wide to the conversion of natural gas (NG) to valuable chemical products and fuels, due to its huge reserves and geographic distribution. This paper deals with a multi-step process, under development, for the transformation of natural gas, particularly of methane, into ethers, mainly MTBE. The process is performed in a series of steps that includes the preparation of a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the desired ratio, their reaction addressed to the synthesis of a mixture of methanol and higher alcohols, mainly isobutanol, the dehydration of the higher alcohols fraction to olefins eventually followed by their reaction with methanol to produce the mixture of ethers. Economic evaluations of the process indicate high values of IRR and other indexes that allow the Ethermix technology to be the most convenient route for the transformation of NG into liquid products for motor fuel components.