Emily Bennett

The Effect That Screen Size has on Video-Based M-Learning.

This paper focuses on using m-learning to teach university students. It reports on an empirical investigation that studied the effect that screen-size has on video-based m-learning. The results suggest that screen sizes typical of a PDA device may facilitate more effective learning, in comparison to screen sizes typical of a mobile telephone. The implications of this finding for the design of m-learning environments are discussed

The Effect that the Visual and Haptic Problems Associated with Touching a Projection Augmented Model Have on Object-Presence

A projection augmented model (PA model) is a type of haptic augmented reality display. It consists of a real physical model, onto which a computer image is projected to create a realistic looking object. Thus, a PA model creates the illusion of actually being the object that it represents, as opposed to a white model and a projected image. Users can physically touch the surface of a PA model with their bare hands, which has experiential value for the types of applications for which they are being developed. However, the majority of PA models do not provide haptic feedback for material properties such as texture, and hence feel incorrect when they are touched. In addition, most PA models are front-projected which means the projected image appears on the back of the users hand, and their hand casts a shadow on the display. Previous research has found that touching this type of PA model reduces a users sense of object presence. The empirical study reported in this paper investigated which of the problems had a greater effect on object presence. It was found that object presence was significantly higher when correct haptic feedback for material properties was provided; however eliminating the visual projection problems rarely affected object presence. These results have implications for the direction in which PA model technology should be developed. They also have implications for theory on how the haptic and visual senses contribute to a persons sense of object presence, and indeed presence.

The effect that haptically perceiving a projection augmented model has on the perception of size

This paper reports on a study that investigated the effect touching a projection augmented model, and interacting with it using a spatially-coincident device, has on the perception of size. It was found that touching increased the accuracy of size estimates, however interaction using a spatially-coincident device did not.

Projection augmented models: the effect of haptic feedback on subjective and objective human factors

A Projection Augmented model (PA model) consists of a physical white three-dimensional model, onto which a computer image is projected to create a realistic looking object [1]. An example of a PA model is the Projection Augmented Reality Information System (PARIS) (figure 1). People can touch the surface of a PA model with their bare hands, therefore PA models naturally support whole hand haptic feedback.