Emine Baydan

Cytotoxic effects of Eryngium kotschyi and Eryngium maritimum on Hep2, HepG2, Vero and U138 MG cell lines.

Abstract Context: Eryngium maritimum L. and the endemic Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. of the Apiaceae family are used for antiinflammatory, antivenom, antinociceptive and diuretic purposes in folk medicine in Turkey. Objective: This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of the plant extracts belonging to Eryngium L. genus on various cell lines. Materials and methods: Cytotoxic activites of the lyophilized aqueous aereal and root parts of the plant extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma (Hep2), human glioma (U138-MG) and African green monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cell lines at 8.33–266.62 µg/ml concentrations were analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) cell viability assays. Results: Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values were found <100 µg/ml in most cases varying around 16.33–125.66 µg/ml. IC50 values for E. kostchyi and E. maritimum root parts on Hep2 cells (32.86 and 30.25 µg/ml, respectively), E. kotschyi aereal, E. maritimum aereal and root parts on HepG2 cells (31.75, 32.42 and 35.01 µg/ml, respectively) by MTT assay were found to be close to the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) recommendations (IC50 < 30 µg/ml) to define the antivity aganist cancer cells. The lowest IC50 values according to the LDH method were observed in Hep2 cells and the highest in U138-MG cells. Root parts were found to be more toxic than aereal parts for both plants in both methods in general. Discussion and conclusion: Both plant extracts exerted cytotoxic activity aganist Hep2 and HepG2 cells, with low IC50 values defining their promising anticancer property according to NCI; however, further analysis are needed to confirm their activity.

Cytotoxic effects of etephon and maleic hydrazide in Vero, Hep2, HepG2 cells.

Abstract The toxicity of etephon and maleic hydrazide, used as plant growth regulators in agriculture, were reported as low in mammals in previous studies. However, in vitro cytotoxicity studies in mammalian cells are currently missing to understand their toxicity at molecular level. In the current study, the cytotoxicity of these compounds, were studied in Vero (African green monkey kidney epithelium), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), Hep2 (human epidermoid cancer) cells by MTT ((3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromure) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assays. Maleic hydrazide had lower IC50 values for all cell lines compared to ethephon. Least cytotoxic effect treated by ethephon were observed in Vero, followed by HepG2 and Hep2. Similarly maleic hydrazide also showed least cytotoxicity on Vero cells, followed by Hep2 and HepG2 cells (p < 0.05). IC50 values in general were found to be highest in Vero cells, followed by HepG2 and Hep2 cells (p < 0.05). LDH and MTT assays showed correllation and had close relation except HepG2-maleic hydrazide application with the correlation coefficient for all >0.868 (p < 0.05). This study is expected to be a basis to understand the cytotoxic effects of ethephon and maleic hydrazide in mammal cells to be supplemented by further studies.

Subacute toxicity of piperonyl butoxide and resmethrin in mice

The subacute toxic effects of separate and combined use of piperonyl butoxide and resmethrin (cismethrin) on the liver and kidneys of male mice were investigated. It is known that when given alone, pyrethroids are toxic and their toxicity becomes more complicated when they are co-formulated with piperonyl butoxide. In the present study, macroscopic and microscopic changes were determined in the liver and kidney tissues. Furthermore, biochemical alterations and clinical neurotoxic effects were observed. Toxic effects were more evident in the group subjected to combined use. The results obtained demonstrated that, in mice, piperonyl butoxide and resmethrin are directly toxic to the liver and kidneys. The toxic effects and tissue degeneration were more widespread in the group subjected to combined use.