Emmanuel Guy

Commercial shipping in the Arctic : new perspectives, challenges and regulations

Maritime traffic is increasing in Arctic seas in the context of climate change. The rapid melting of sea ice led to the widespread belief that traffic was set to expand rapidly, challenging Canadian and Russian-claimed sovereignties over their respective Arctic passage, and underlining the risk posed by such a traffic in a risky but fragile environment. If projections on potential traffic for the medium term are probably exaggerated, the increasing traffic nevertheless challenges the adequacy of the regulatory framework.

Supply and demand for the Eastern Canadian Arctic Sealift

The annual sealift of cargo to the Canadian Arctic has long been an essential part of the livelihood of Inuit communities. Over the past two decades, many structural changes were brought to this service and the demand has grown substantially. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of these changes by analysing demand and supply for Eastern Canadian Arctic sealift services. This analysis is based on Canadian Coast Guard vessel movement data and Statistics Canada port traffic data. It reveals that between 1987 and 2010, continuous and extreme variations in demand made it quite difficult for ship operators to adjust carrying capacity and optimise productivity. Yet, the recent industrial and population growth in the region has enabled them to reach significant gains in fleet utilisation levels.

From a Seafarer’s Career Management to the Management of Interwoven Sea- and Shore-Based Careers

This study proposes a model of interwoven careers. This topic stems from interviews that showed that although future deck officers expect their future career at sea to last from 10 to 15 years and that the rest will be spent on shore, the maritime transport industry’s only goal is to attract and retain them as seagoing officers. This ambivalent situation leads us to develop a model of interwoven careers that is new. It takes into account both the individual and the organization. This is neither a traditional career model nor a boundaryless model. We used Morin’s complexity theory to understand boundaries, which move “within” organizations when, for instance, maritime industries offer deck officers to work on shore and sometimes at sea, and “across” organizations when they develop partnerships to help their employees attain their goals as well as retaining them in their organization.

Politiques de soutien au transport maritime de courte distance au Québec : représentations divergentes des acteurs

Depuis plus d’une décennie, le transport maritime de courte distance (TMCD) attire l’attention des pouvoirs publics tant en Europe qu’en Amérique du Nord où c’est sans doute au Québec que l’on observe les initiatives les plus soutenues en faveur de ce secteur. Il est vrai que ce mode de transport répond aux objectifs de ces derniers en matière de développement durable (DD). En effet, la pression qu’exerce la croissance des échanges sur la demande de transport rend la configuration des systèmes de transport actuels « insoutenable ». Cependant, malgré la volonté affichée des pouvoirs publics dont attestent les nombreux discours politiques et les programmes d’aide à la mise en place de services de TMCD, l’ensemble de ces initiatives se sont soldées par un bilan mitigé jusqu’à présent. Il semble intéressant dans ces circonstances de s’interroger sur les raisons d’un tel manque d’efficacité des politiques publiques de soutien au TMCD.

Representations and Policy Change: Evidence from the Canadian-Flag Shipping Industry

The paper explores change in shipping nexuses via the Canadian example. Two dimensions of this institutional framework are contrasted. On one hand, the industry segment of Canadian-flag vessels operate under a regime that reserves domestic trade to national carriers. On the other hand, more recent initiatives seek to develop long-term connectivity with international shipping networks through a trade corridor planning approach. Derived from new institutionalisms and cognitive policy analysis, the interpretation of the case studies is achieved through a conceptual framework that emphasises the influence of representations. The paper underlines how actors refer to ideational frameworks to build credibility when working towards desired institutional change or reacting to proposed amended policies.

The European Maritime Safety Agency, A Product of Stakeholders' Representations

This article proposes a reflection on maritime policies. Stakeholder’s positions and representations are analysed with a political science perspective using the cognitive policy analysis approach. The creation of the European Maritime Safety Agency serves as case study. The results demonstrate the relevance of this approach to study changes in the maritme sector, particularly how this sector adapts to the rise in environmental awareness and expectations.