Emmanuel K. Akowuah

Numerical Analysis of a Photonic Crystal Fiber for Biosensing Applications

This paper presents a theoretical study on a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon resonance biosensor. The proposed PCF sensor introduces the concept of simultaneous detection with H E₁₁^x and H E₁₁^x modes, which opens up some possibilities for multianalyte/multichannel sensing. Analysis was performed which considered the operation of the sensor in both amplitude and wavelength interrogation modes. Typical sensor resolutions of 4×10^-5 RIU and 8×10^-5 RIU with respect to H E₁₁^x and H E₁₁^y, respectively, are reported for the amplitude interrogation mode, while resoutions of 5 × 10^-5 RIU and 6×10^-5 RIU are reported for H E₁₁^x and H E₁₁^y, respectively, for the wavelength interrogation mode.

A Novel Birefrigent Photonic Crystal Fiber Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor

A numerical analysis of a novel birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor constructed on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) model is presented in this paper. This biosensor configuration utilizes circular air holes to introduce birefringence into the structure. This PCF biosensor model shows promise in the area of multiple detection using HE^x₁₁ and HE^y₁₁ modes to sense more than one analyte. A numerical study of the biosensor is performed in two interrogation modes: amplitude and wavelength. Sensor resolution values with spectral interrogation yielded 5 × 10^-5 RIU (refractive index units) for HE^x₁₁ modes and 6 × 10^-5 RIU for HE^y₁₁ modes, whereas 3 × 10^-5 RIU for HE^x₁₁ modes and 4 × 10^-5 RIU for HE^y₁₁ modes are demonstrated for the amplitude interrogation.

Dual channel planar waveguide surface plasmon resonance biosensor for an aqueous environment

A theoretical study on a dual channel planar waveguide surface plasmon biosensor is presented in this paper. The proposed device consists of a planar waveguide with two active regions. It has been demonstrated that the proposed waveguide sensor can be configured to operate in either multi analyte or self referencing mode. The channel discriminative property of the device is investigated using an eigenmode solver with perfectly matched layers (PML).

Design and optimization of a novel surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on Otto configuration

A theoretical study on a novel planar waveguide surface Plasmon Biosensor is presented in this paper. The proposed biosensor has a configuration similar to the Otto excitation mechanism for surface Plasmon polaritons. The performance of the device with respect to key system parameters such as gap-width and device length is investigated using an eigenmode solver with perfectly matched layers (PML). Device resolution of 2.3 x 10(-6) RIU has been demonstrated for an aqueous analyte.

Multi-channel SPR biosensor based on PCF for multi-analyte sensing applications

This paper presents a theoretical investigation of a novel holey fiber (Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF)) multi-channel biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The large gold coated micro fluidic channels and elliptical air hole design of our proposed biosensor aided by a high refractive index over layer in two channels enables operation in two modes; multi analyte sensing and self-referencing mode. Loss spectra, dispersion and detection capability of our proposed biosensor for the two fundamental modes (HE(11)(x) and HE(11)(y)) have been elucidated using a Finite Element Method (FEM) and Perfectly Matching Layers (PML).

An Endlessly Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber With Low Chromatic Dispersion, and Bend and Rotational Insensitivity

A single-mode photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with low chromatic dispersion, low bend, and rotational sensitivity is presented. The transverse electric field vector distributions of the fundamental, higher order and fundamental space filling modes, their effective indices, chromatic dispersion, confinement, bending and rotational losses are reported using full-vector finite-element method (FEM). In addition, the endlessly single mode behavior is demonstrated by employing the V parameter of the proposed PCF. It has also been shown that the proposed PCF design is insensitive to bends and rotations.

A Novel Compact Photonic Crystal Fibre Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for an Aqueous Environment

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors provide high sensitivity without the use of molecular labels (Homola, Yee, and Gauglitz 1999). They been widely used in the analysis of biomolecular interactions (BIA) and detection of chemical and biological analytes (Homola, Yee, and Gauglitz 1999), where they provide benefits of real-time, sensitive and label-free technology. They have also been used for the detection of various chemical and biological compounds in areas such as environmental protection, food safety and medical diagnostics (Mouvet et al. 1997; Nooke et al. 2010).

Design of Multicavities on Left-Handed Photonic-Crystal-Based Chemical Sensors

This paper presents a theoretical study on a novel chemical sensor platform based on a 2-D photonic crystal with negative refraction (PCNR). The proposed device consists of distributed multinanocavities embedded within the PCNR. A 2-D finite-difference time-domain method with perfectly matched layers has been employed to investigate the performance of the sensor for different analytes and structural parameters. The calculations show that it is possible to detect simultaneously two analytes when the refractive index is larger than that of water. The quality factor was determined to be around 105 when the radii of the central nanocavity is and that of the external is .

Photonic crystal fiber based surface plasmon sensor design and analyze with elliptical air holes

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor has been presented at this work. The sensor sensitivity for multiple analyte depending on operating wavelength and spectral interrogation mode has been investigated thoroughly. Our numerical results indicate that the sensitivity of the x-polarized fundamental mode is 4100nm/Refractive Index Unit (RIU) and 4400nm/RIU for the y-polarized fundamental mode with 2.4×10-5 RIU and 2.3×10-5 RIU sensor resolutions respectively.

Photonic crystal fiber based sensor

In this study, the relative sensitivity coefficient of the proposed hexagonal shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been investigated by employing the full vectorial finite element method (FEM ). Propagation loss and effective refractive index of 36 air holed PCF over wide wavelength range has been investigated. Also, the applications and the propagation characteristics of the proposed PCF structure which occurs with the interaction of the fundamental mode and the central liquid filled hole has been discussed.