Emre Ata

Ultrasonographic Assessment of Femoral Cartilage Thickness in Patients With Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most disabling syndromes in children. To our knowledge, there has not yet been any reported evaluation by ultrasonography of the effect of CP on distal femoral cartilage. The value of understanding this effect on cartilage is that sonographic evaluation of cartilage thickness may help physicians to predict the joint health of these children.

Pregabaline as a Rare Cause of Hepatotoxicity

Pregabalin is an analogue of the neurotransmitter d-aminobutyric acid mainly used for the treatment of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in the musculoskeletal pain practice. It binds to a2–d site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) with high affinity in central nervous system tissues. It does not undergo any metabolism in the liver and does not induce or inhibit any liver enzyme [1].

A Case of Hodgkin Lymphoma With Polyarthralgia After Completion of Chemotherapy

©2017 Turkish League Against Rheumatism. All rights reserved. There are various musculoskeletal manifestations that may develop in a patient after chemotherapy. These manifestations may be due to metastasis to musculoskeletal structures, paraneoplastic syndrome or immune reactions as well as adverse reactions to cancer specific chemotherapy.1 One of these symptoms is post-chemotherapy rheumatism which is a non-inflammatory and selflimiting condition that manifests as symmetric or asymmetric arthralgia, arthritis and stiffness that involves both large and small joints.2 It has been described in patients with some types of cancer including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma within a few months after the completion of chemotherapy.2 In this article, we report a patient with polyarthralgia after chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma.

Enjoying the Limits of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound

©2017 Turkish League Against Rheumatism. All rights reserved. An 80-year-old female patient was examined due to complaint of neck pain over the last year which has aggravated recently. She denied history of trauma. Her medical history indicated that she was taking some medications for hypertension and coronary artery disease. Physical examination was compatible with cervical osteoarthritis with limited cervical range of motion in all directions and tenderness to palpation. Laboratory findings including complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D levels were within normal ranges. On radiological evaluation, cervical X-ray revealed a calcified mass in the left mid-paravertebral region with cervical degenerative changes (Figure 1). At first glance, a calcification inside the cervical muscles was suspected. Ultrasonographic examination of the cervical region revealed the presence of intraluminal calcification at the level of the bifurcation of the left common carotid artery (Figure 2a-c). The patient was referred to neurology department for being at risk for stroke.

An Atypical Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1 Following Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccination -

A 20-year-old male patient was admitted to Infectious diseases outpatient clinic with 25 days’ history of pain and swelling of the left hand and forearm. He had received a single dose of diphtheria tetanus-diphteria toxoid vaccine (Td; vaccines with reduced content of diphtheria toxoid) in the left deltoid muscle. The patient was diagnosed as Complex regional pain syndrome type 1. He was administered gabapentin (initial dose 1200 mg per day in two divided doses and maintenance dose 1800 mg per day, in three divided doses), etodolac 600 mg per day, acetylcystein 1200 mg per day, 3000 mg calcium carbonate with 8.8 mg colecalciferol at bed time and left upper extremity physiotherapy, including whirlpool, contrast bath and range of movement exercises. As a result, although complex regional pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS I) is a rare entity, it should be recognized in patients with severe pain, swelling and restricted extremity movement that occurred after immunization.

Self-induced cutaneous lesions in a patient with spinal cord injury.

immunoglobulin in the treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a meta-analysis with meta-regression of observational studies. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54: 108–115. 28 Paradisi A, Abeni D, Bergamo F, et al. Etanercept therapy for toxic epidermal necrolysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2014; 71: 278–283. 29 Kirchhof M, Miliszewski M, Sikora S, et al. Retrospective review of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis treatment comparing intravenous immunoglobulin with cyclosporine. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013; 71: 941–947. 30 Singh G, Chatteriee M, Verma R. Cyclosporine in Stevens Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis and retrospective comparison with systemic corticosteroid. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2013; 79: 686–692.

Re: A randomized controlled experimental study of the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid for the prevention of adhesion formation in a rat uterine horn model

We read the recently published article by Oz et al. [1] with great interest. We would like to comment on an incorrect use about a technical issue. In the ’’Materials and Methods’’ section, the ‘‘1000 rpm for 15 min’’, ‘‘3000 rpm for 10 min’’ 0 min and ‘‘4000 rpm for 10 min’’ explanation was used wrongly while describing centrifuge method. The ‘‘RPM’’ term has been ‘‘Revolutions (rotations) per minute’’ that is abbreviated as RPM, is the number of rotations around a stable axis in 1 min and is used as a measure of rotational speed of a mechanical component such as centrifuge device. Although RPM have been frequently used in the literature, it differs based on the rotor and the centrifuge tube use. Radius of the rotor in millimeters which is abbreviated as ‘‘r’’, stands for the distance from the top of a centrifuge tube to the bottom. G force (also referred to as the relative centrifugal force, RCF) stands for how many times the gravity force is applied to your samples and it varies with the size of the rotor and RPM. The function between G force and RPM follows the equation: G force or RCF = (RPM/1000) 9 1.118 9 r. Two centrifuge machines with the same RPM but different radius do not apply the same G force on your samples. But the G is the constant centrifugal force applied on the sample which does not change with the rotor conditions. Although G is standard, RPM will not always represent the same force in different machines. Consequently, it will be more accurate when the authors use G force instead of ‘’runs’’ in the materials and methods section.

Effect of Platelet-Rich-Plasma (PRP) Implant Surface Topography on Implant Stability and Bone Revisited.

Sir, We read the article entitled “Effect of Platelet-Rich-Plasma (PRP) Implant Surface Topography on Implant Stability and Bone” [1] published in the Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research by Renu Kundu and Manu Rathee with great interest. We would like to comment on a technical issue, which is usually misdescribed. There are important differences between the terms “RPM”, which stands for ‘revolutions per minute’ and “G”, which refers to the gravitational force. RPM should not be used as an expression of unit, because the force actually varies depending on the radius of the machine. The acceleration applied on samples from two different centrifuges differing in size but identical in RPM levels is actually not the same. This condition follows the rule of “the bigger the radius, the more acceleration with identical RPMs”.The force exerted on the substance in a given mixture in any centrifugation is the relative centrifugal force (RCF) and RCF is responsible for the separation of the components in the mixture. The rotor, regardless of its size, revolves at that rate. The force applied to the contents, however, varies according to the size of the centrifuge. This condition may further be explained as follows: RCF or G-force= 1.12 x R x (RPM/1000)2 Where R is the radius of rotation measured in millimeters. G describes the amount of gravity applied on the samples and two centrifuges with the same RPM but different radius do not apply the same G force on the same samples. G is universal and may be calculated to develop an experiment. RPM, on the other hand, will not always represent the same force in different machines. For example, when revolving at 2000 RPM, a larger centrifuge with a longer radius length will spin samples at a higher g-force than a smaller centrifuge with a shorter radius length. RCF is a constant that is independent of the apparatus used.