Emre Unsal

Real-time measurement system for tracking birefringence, weight, thickness, and surface temperature during drying of solution cast coatings and films

This paper describes the design and performance of a new instrument to track temporal changes in physical parameters during the drying behavior of solutions, as well as curing of monomers. This real-time instrument follows in-plane and out-of-plane birefringence, weight, thickness, and surface temperature during the course of solidification of coatings and films through solvent evaporation and thermal or photocuring in a controlled atmosphere. It is specifically designed to simulate behavior of polymer solutions inside an industrial size, continuous roll-to-roll solution casting line and other coating operations where resins are subjected to ultraviolet (UV) curing from monomer precursors. Controlled processing parameters include air speed, temperature, initial cast thickness, and solute concentration, while measured parameters are thickness, weight, film temperature, in-plane and out-of-plane birefringence. In this paper, we illustrate the utility of this instrument with solution cast and dried poly (amide-imide)∕DMAc (Dimethylacetamide) solution, water based black paint, and organo-modified clay∕NMP (N-Methylpyrrolidone) solution. In addition, the physical changes that take place during UV photo polymerization of a monomer are tracked. This instrument is designed to be generic and it can be used for tracking any drying∕swelling∕solidification systems including paper, foodstuffs such as; grains, milk as well as pharmaceutical thin paste and slurries.

Large-scale R2R fabrication of piezoresistive films (Ni/PDMS) with enhanced through thickness electrical and thermal properties by applying a magnetic field

The first successful development of a roll to roll (R2R) process that applies an external magnetic field to orient and organize magnetic nanoparticles along nanocolumns in the thickness direction of thin films to obtain high electrical and thermal conductivities in the thickness direction is reported. Utilizing a R2R machine that includes an in-line electromagnet, we orient and organize Ni nanoparticles in nanocolumns inside a flexible poly(dimethylsiloxane) matrix. In these films, the nanocolumns of Ni particles point in the magnetic field/thickness direction which leads to enhancement of the electrical and thermal conductivity in the thickness direction while maintaining optical transparency as the space between the nanocolumns is depleted of nanoparticles facilitating unimpeded light transmission. Exhibiting piezoresistivity, the electrical conductivity in these films increases by as much as 7 orders under moderate pressures. The thermal conductivity of the aligned composite films filled with 14 vol% Ni flakes was found to increase to 50 times the conductivity of the polymer matrix, or 13 times the conductivity of the non-aligned composite with the same concentration. This R2R method facilitates the manufacture of unique films with enhanced functional properties in the thickness direction to be used in a range of applications including Z direction heat spreaders, transparent switches, privacy protection screens and piezoresistive sensors.