Erdal Doğan

Preventive Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the Liver in a Rat Model of Acid-Induced Acute Lung Injury

The aim of this study was to examine whether dexmedetomidine improves acute liver injury in a rat model. Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 300–350 g were allocated randomly to four groups. In group 1, normal saline (NS) was injected into the lungs and rats were allowed to breathe spontaneously. In group 2, rats received standard ventilation (SV) in addition to NS. In group 3, hydrochloric acid was injected into the lungs and rats received SV. In group 4, rats received SV and 100 µg/kg intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine before intratracheal HCl instillation. Blood samples and liver tissue specimens were examined by biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods. Acute lung injury (ALI) was found to be associated with increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant activity (TOA), oxidative stress index (OSI), and decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Significantly decreased MDA, TOA, and OSI levels and significantly increased TAC levels were found with dexmedetomidine injection in group 4 (P < 0.05). The highest histologic injury scores were detected in group 3. Enhanced hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced CD68 expression were found in dexmedetomidine group compared with the group 3. In conclusion, the presented data provide the first evidence that dexmedetomidine has a protective effect on experimental liver injury induced by ALI.

Zinc Phosphide Poisoning

Zinc phosphide has been used widely as a rodenticide. Upon ingestion, it gets converted to phosphine gas in the body, which is subsequently absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach and the intestines and gets captured by the liver and the lungs. Phosphine gas produces various metabolic and nonmetabolic toxic effects. Clinical symptoms are circulatory collapse, hypotension, shock symptoms, myocarditis, pericarditis, acute pulmonary edema, and congestive heart failure. In this case presentation, we aim to present the intensive care process and treatment resistance of a patient who ingested zinc phosphide for suicide purposes.

A miracle that accelerates operating room functionality: sugammadex.

Background. Sugammadex offers a good alternative to the conventional decurarisation process currently performed with cholinesterase inhibitors. Sugammadex, which was developed specifically for the aminosteroid-structured rocuronium and vecuronium neuromuscular blockers, is a modified cyclodextrin made up of 8 glucose monomers arranged in a cylindrical shape. Methods. In this study, the goal was to investigate the efficacy of sugammadex. Sugammadex was used when there was insufficient decurarisation following neostigmine. This study was performed on 14 patients who experienced insufficient decurarisation (TOF <0.9) with neostigmine after general anaesthesia in the operating rooms of a university and a state hospital between June, 2012, and January, 2014. A dose of 2 mg/kg of sugammadex was administered. Results. Time elapsed until sugammadex administration following neostigmine 37 ± 6 min, following sugammadex it took 2.1 ± 0.9 min to reach TOF ≥0.9, and the extubation time was 3.2 ± 1.4 min. No statistically significant differences were detected in the hemodynamic parameters before and after sugammadex application. From the time of administration of sugammadex to the second postoperative hour, no side effects or complications occurred. None of the patients experienced acute respiratory failure or residual block during this time period. Conclusion. Sugammadex was successfully used to reverse rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block in patients where neostigmine was insufficient.

Apendektomi operasyonlarında iki farklı intratekal levobupivakain dozunun etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması

Objectives: Spinal anesthesia, especially in the presence of coexisting diseases is preferred to reduce morbidity and mortality in many surgical practices. In this study, we aimed to compare the motor and sensory block characteristics, hemodynamic parameters, side effects and surgical and patient comfort, whom underwent appendectomy with spinal anesthesia in two different doses of levobupivacaine. Material and methods: After Minister of Health ethical committee approval and written consent of the patients who underwent open appendectomy were obtained, fifhty patients between the ages of 18-40 with ASA I-II were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups; Group I received 15 mg levobupivacaine 0.5% (total 3 ml) and Group II received 20 mg levobupivacaine 0.5% (total 4 ml Hemodynamic data, surgical and patient comfort and side effects were also recorded. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the two groups for two segment regression time of sensory block. Two-segment regression time was longer the Group II than Group I. In Group II motor block regression time (Group I 120 ± 40 min, Group II 158 ± 54 min) was significantly longer (p= p<0.05). There were statistically significant difference in numbers of side ef fects (hypotension, bradicardia) in Group II than Group I (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that 15 mg levobupivacaine dose provides safe and effective anesthesia for appendectomy surgery. J Clin Exp Invest 2012; 3(1): 33-37 OZET

Dexmedetomidine and Magnesium Sulfate: A Good Combination Treatment for Acute Lung Injury?

ABSTRACT Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and dexmedetomidine (dex) in a model of acute lung injury (ALI). We determined whether concomitant administration decreased the inflammatory effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl)-induced ALI in a synergistic manner. Materials and Methods: In this study, 42 Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into six groups: Group S (saline), Group SV (saline + mechanical ventilation), Group HCl (HCl), Group Dex (Dex), Group Mag (MgSO4), and Group DM (Dex + MgSO4). All groups except Group S were mechanically ventilated prior to HCl-induced ALI. Saline or HCl was administered via tracheostomy. Prior to treatment, HCl was administered to Group HCl, Group Dex, Group Mag, and Group DM to induce ALI. Dex and MgSO4 were administered intraperitoneally. The rats were monitored for 4 h after treatment to measure oxidative stress parameters in blood, and prolidase enzyme activity. Lung tissue damage were determined via histopathology. Results: A significant increase in heart rate and rapid desaturation was observed in HCl-administered groups. Treatment administration decreased the pulse values. Increased saturation values and decreased oxidative stress indices were observed in groups that were subsequently administered Dex and MgSO4. Serum prolidase activity increased significantly in Group HCl. Severe pathological findings were detected following HCl-induced ALI. Group Mag showed greater improvement in the pathology of HCl-induced ALI than did Group Dex. Administration of both Dex and MgSO4 did not improve the pathological scores. Conclusions: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Dex and MgSO4 ameliorated the detrimental effects of HCI-induced ALI. However, adverse effects on hemodynamics and lung damage were observed when the two drugs were administered together.

Queda do pé após raquianestesia

. Júnior Ade P, Erdmann TR, Santos TV, et al. Comparação entre Bloqueios Peridural e Paravertebral Torácicos Contínuos para Analgesia Pós-Operatória em Pacientes Submetidos a Toracotomias: Revisão Sistemática. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2013;63: 433--42. . Bueno NB. Explorando a heterogeneidade. In: Barbosa FT, editor. Introdução à Revisão Sistemática: A Pesquisa do Futuro. 2013, 3. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, et al. Measuring inconsistency in metaanalyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557--60.

Anorektal cerrahide intratekal kullanılan levobupivakain ve bupivakainin etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması

Objectives: Spinal anesthesia is widely used for anorectal surgery. We aimed to compare the anesthetic potencies and hemodynamic effects of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine with fentanil intrathecally administered in patients undergoing ano-rectal surgery.